The achievements of 3-year efforts of clonorchiasis control in the demonstration area of Xinfeng County in Jiangxi Province

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.05.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive control of clonorchiasis in the demonstration area in Xinfeng County of Jiangxi Province during 2016-2018, and discuss the role of the integrated control strategy “led by health education and prioritizing infection source control” in clonorchiasis control. Methods All 26 administrative villages in Xinfeng County with the habit of eating raw fish were included in this study. Investigations on the baseline information before intervention and the intervention effect after intervention were carried out in the demonstration area in October-November of 2016 and 2018, respectively. From each village, 150 residents at the age over 3 years were cluster sampled for examination by modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slide reading/one sample) to detect Clonorchis sinensis infection. Meanwhile, questionnaire surveys to the residents was conducted to investigate the knowledge awareness, behavior and attitude on clonorchiasis as well as administration history of anthelmintics. Freshwater snails and fish (no less than 100 in each village) were collected from natural water bodies such as fish ponds and streams, and C. sinensis metacercaria infection in intermediate hosts was detected by crushing microscopy. Five fecal samples from cats, dogs or pigs were collected from each village, and C. sinensis eggs in the feces of reservoir hosts were examined by the method of washing sedimentation for egg concentration. Results The demonstration area in Xinfeng County covered 26 villages in 5 towns, with a total population of 79 764. The infection rate dropped from 21.56% (878/4 072) in 2016 to 8.85% (365/4 125) in 2018, a decrease of 58.95%. In 2016, the infection rates of C. sinensis in males and females in the demonstration area were 29.53% (577/1 954) and 14.21% (301/2 118), respectively, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In 2018, the infection rates in males and females decreased to 13.09% (266/2 032) and 4.73% (99/2 093), respectively, showing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Both surveys showed that the infection rate of C. sinensis increased with age, with adults over 20 years old being the main population infected. Compared with 2016, the infection rates in all age groups decreased significantly in 2018 (P < 0.01). The decrease rates in the populations at age of 3-19 years and 20-39 years reached 72.99% and 74.85%, respectively. Compared with 2016, the infection rate decreased significantly in all occupation groups except in businessmen and public officials. The deworming coverage among the infected residents in the demonstration area increased from 54.21% (476/878) in 2016 to 84.01% (310/369) in 2018, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In 2016 and 2018, 400 and 1 000 snails were collected for examining C. sinensis infection, respectively, but neither redia nor cercaria were found. The average infection rate in freshwater fish dropped from 8.24% (144/1 747) in 2016 to 0.80% (1/125) in 2018, decreased by 90.29%. The average infection rate in reservoir host was 2.27% (8/353) in 2016, and declined to 0 in 2018. The awareness rate of prevention and control and the rate of correct behavior of not eating raw fish increased from 13.02% (525/4 033) and 80.49% (3 246/4 033) in 2016 to 20.80% (850/4 087) and 83.41% (3 409/4 087) in 2018, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Over the 3 years, 890 people were treated with anthelmintic, with an average coverage rate of 65.78%, and 3 465 new non-hazardous toilets were built, with the average coverage of non-hazardous toilets increasing from 93.48% (16 326/17 464) in 2016 to 97.21% (1 9791/20 360) in 2018, increased by 3.99%. Conclusion The 3-year control efforts in Xinfeng County suggest that the integrated control strategy “led by health education and prioritizing infection source control” plays a positive role in clonorchiasis control in the demonstration area, indicative of significant achievement in clonorchiasis control in the area gained as expected.

Key words: Clonorchiasis, Demonstration area, Control effect, Xinfeng County of Jiangxi Province

CLC Number:

R532.23

GE Jun, JIANG Wei-sheng, YUAN Chang-hong, ZHU Ting-jun, CHEN Zhe, YANG Yu-hua, LAN Ming-xing, DAI Kun-jiao, LI Dong, ZENG Xiao-jun, CHENG Ying-dan. The achievements of 3-year efforts of clonorchiasis control in the demonstration area of Xinfeng County in Jiangxi Province[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2020, 38(5): 554-560.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 14

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乡（镇） Town	2016			2018			下降率/%Reduction rate/%	χ²	P
乡（镇） Town	检查人数No. examined	感染人数No. infected	感染率/%Infection rate/%	检查人数No. examined	感染人数No. infected	感染率/%Infection rate/%	下降率/%Reduction rate/%	χ²	P
大塘埠Datangbu	1 440	221	15.35	1 367	173	12.66	17.52	4.21	< 0.05
嘉定Jiading	963	262	27.21	999	123	12.31	32.70	68.97	< 0.01
小河Xiaohe	1 358	382	28.13	1 455	69	4.74	83.14	285.39	< 0.01
古陂Gubei	157	12	7.64	152	0	0	100	12.09	< 0.01
正平Zhengping	154	1	0.65	152	0	0	100	-	> 0.05^a
合计Total	4 072	878	21.56	4 125	365	8.85	58.95	257.46	< 0.01

年龄组 Age group	2016			2018			下降幅度/%Reduction rate/%	χ²	P
年龄组 Age group	检查人数 No. examined	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	检查人数 No. examined	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	下降幅度/%Reduction rate/%	χ²	P
3~19	943	80	8.48	787	18	2.29	72.99	30.82	< 0.01
20~39	556	113	20.32	626	32	5.11	74.85	63.31	< 0.01
40~59	1 464	390	26.57	1 500	173	11.53	56.60	109.88	< 0.01
≥ 60	1 109	295	26.60	1 212	142	11.72	55.93	83.95	< 0.01
合计Total	4 072	878	21.53	4 125	365	8.95	58.43	257.46	< 0.01

职业 Occupation	2016			2018			下降幅度/%Reduction rate/%	χ²	P
职业 Occupation	检查人数No. examined	感染人数No. infected	感染率/%Infection rate/%	检查人数No. examined	感染人数No. infected	感染率/%Infection rate/%	下降幅度/%Reduction rate/%	χ²	P
商人Businessman	51	16	31.37	37	9	24.32	22.47	0.52	> 0.05
工人Worker	114	32	28.07	112	10	8.93	68.19	13.68	< 0.01
公职人员Official	72	20	27.78	38	5	13.16	52.63	3.02	> 0.05
农民Farmer	2913	734	25.20	3151	323	10.25	59.32	234.96	< 0.01
学生Student	644	56	8.70	627	15	2.39	72.53	23.93	< 0.01
其他Others	278	20	7.19	160	3	1.88	73.85	5.78	< 0.05
合计Total	4 072	878	21.56	4 125	365	8.85	58.95	257.46	< 0.01

乡镇Town	2016			2017			2018			3年平均驱虫覆盖率 Average coverage rate of deworming/%
乡镇Town	应驱虫人数 No. target population	实际驱虫人数 No. deworming	驱虫覆盖率/% Coverage rate of deworming/%	应驱虫人数 No. target population	实际驱虫人数 No. deworming	驱虫覆盖率/% Coverage rate of deworming/%	应驱虫人数 No. target population	实际驱虫人数 No. deworming	驱虫覆盖率/% Coverage rate of deworming/%	3年平均驱虫覆盖率 Average coverage rate of deworming/%
大塘埠Datanbu	221	180	81.45	25	24	96.00	175	167	95.43	88.12
嘉定Jiading	262	230	87.79	57	56	98.25	125	125	100	92.57
小河Xiaohe	382	53	13.87	21	21	100	69	18	26.09	19.49
古陂Gupo	12	12	100	3	3	100	0	0	-	100
正平Zhengping	1	1	100	0	0	-	0	0	-	100
合计Total	878	476	54.21	106	104	98.11	369	310	84.01	65.78

宿主类别 Host	2016			2018
宿主类别 Host	检查个数 No. examined	感染个数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	检查个数 No. examined	感染个数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%
中间宿主Intermediate
淡水螺Freshwater snail
纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus	400	0	0	1 000	0	0
淡水鱼Freshwater fish
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva	1 406	120	8.53	25	1	4.00
鲫鱼Carassius auratus	204	16	7.84	0	0	0
餐条鱼Hemiculter leucisculus	129	6	4.65	100	0	0
鳑鲏鱼Parasilurus asotu	8	2	25.00	0	0	0
小计Subtotal	1 747	144	8.24	125	1	0.80
保虫宿主Reservoir host
猫Cat	108	5	4.63	12	0	0
犬Dog	226	3	1.33	19	0	0
猪Pig	19	0	0	1	0	0
小计Subtotal	353	8	2.27	22	0	0