Abstract: 　Objective To explore means and strategies of preventing the spread of schistosomasis transmission due to the building of Ertan Dam.\ Methods\ To eliminate the infection sources and Oncomelania snails. To install concrete irrigation and piping system of water supply. To encourage the immigrants to build methane-generating tanks and improve sanitary facilities and conditions for families who live near the water-retaining line.\ Results\ \{2 360\} people and 152 cattle were treated for schistosome infection. Mollusciciding and environmental modification were made for eliminating snails at an area of \{3 634 580\} m 2 and \{67 105.5\} m 2 respectively. The length of concrete irrigation and piping system installed was 51.13 and 104.895 km respectively. Methane-generating tanks, water-heating instruments using solar energy and other sanitary facilities were established in \{1 781\} households. After three-year intervention, no infected snails were found and no infected human being, cattle and wild rats were detected.\ Conclusion\ Schistosomiasis control was financially supported since the very beginning of the Ertan Dam project, which provided a condition for sustainable development. Continued surveillance of snails and infection sources should be carried out, which will provide scientific basis for schistosomiasis control in the Three Gorges region as well as other new projects of hydropower and water conservancy in endemic area.

Key words: schistosomasis japonica, artificial reservoir, control