Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in China in 2021

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.02.004

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of visceral leishmaniasis in China in 2021 and to provide the scientific basis for formulating the prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on visceral leishmaniasis in 2021 was collected from the web-based National Diseases Reporting Information System. After excluding suspected cases, duplicates and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, a database was established， based on which the distribution of visceral leishmaniasis was analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method with Microsoft Excel version 2016. Results A total of 230 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2021, among them 180 cases were reported from mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas, 4 cases from desert-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas, 1 case from anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas, and 45 cases were imported from non-endemic areas. These cases were mainly distributed in Shanxi (127 cases), Shaanxi (35 cases) and Gansu (20 cases), the total reported accounting for 79.1%(182/230) of the overall total in China. A total of 185 local transmitted cases were reported from 44 endemic counties; other 37 counties were of non-endemic areas, reporting 45 imported cases. The Pingding County, outer suburbs of Yangquan City, mining district of Yangquan City, Hancheng City, and Xiangfen County were the major endemic counties, with 33, 29, 18, 11 and 10 cases reported, respectively, the total accounting for 43.9% (101/230) of the overall total cases in China. In 2021, recurrence endemic counties of visceral leishmaniasis were mainly concentrated in Gansu Province (Qinzhou District, Xihe County), Shanxi Province (Yaodu District, Heshun County, Lingchuan County, Qin County, Tunliu District, Xiyang County) and Henan Province (Xin’an County, Xinmi City), with a total of 10 local cases reported. Yumen City in Gansu Province was the newly emerging endemic county with 1 local case reported. The peak incidence occurred in April. The ratio of male to female cases was 1:0.4. The number of reported cases in peasants and infants accounted for 47.4% (109/230) and 24.8% (57/230) of the total cases, respectively. The reported cases at age of ≥ 15 accounted for 73.5% (169/230). Conclusion Visceral leishmaniasis presents a low prevalence in China, whereas, the range of endemic area is gradually expanding. Thus, surveillance and control activities should be strengthened.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Epidemic status, Distribution, China

CLC Number:

R531.6

ZHOU Zhengbin, PAN Gaiqin, LI Yuanyuan, LIU Qin, YANG Limin, LI Zhongqiu, MA Zhitao, ZHANG Yi, LI Shizhu. Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in China in 2021[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023, 41(2): 149-155.

Figures/Tables 4

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References 29

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流行类型 Epidemiological types	省（自治区） Province (Autonomous Region)	流行县（区、县级市）（报告病例数/例） Endemic counties (districts, cities) (No. reported case)
野生动物源型DT-ZVL	新疆 Xinjiang	伽师县 Jiashi County (1)，巴楚县 Bachu County (1)，图木舒克市 Tumshuk City (1)
野生动物源型DT-ZVL	甘肃 Gansu	玉门市 Yumen City (1)
人源型AVL	新疆 Xinjiang	疏勒县 Shule County (1)
犬源型 MT-ZVL	甘肃 Gansu	武都区 Wudu District (8)，舟曲县 Zhouqu County (4)，礼县 Lixian County (1)，麦积区 Maiji District (1)，文县 Wenxian County (1)，秦州区 Qinzhou District (1)，庆城县 Qingcheng County (1)，镇原县 Zhenyuan County (1)，西和县 Xihe County (1)
	山西 Shanxi	平定县 Pingding County (33)，阳泉市郊区 Outer suburbs of Yangquan City (29)，阳泉市矿区 Mining district of Yangquan City (18)，襄汾县 Xiangfen County (10)，阳泉市城区 Urban district of Yangquan City (8)，曲沃县 Quwo County (5)，盂县 Yuxian County (4)，襄垣县 Xiangyuan County (4)，河津市 Hejin City (3)，尧都区 Yaodu District (1)，潞州区 Luzhou District (1)，武乡县 Wuxiang County (1)，乡宁县 Xiangning County (1)，和顺县 Heshun County (1)，陵川县 Lingchuan County (1)，沁县 Qinxian County (1)，屯留区 Tunliu District (1)，昔阳县 Xiyang County (1)，垣曲县 Yuanqu County (1)
	陕西 Shaanxi	韩城市 Hancheng City (11)，华州区 Huazhou District (5)，延川县Yanchuan County (1)，延长县Yanchang County (1)
	四川 Sichuan	九寨沟县 Jiuzhaigou County (2)
	河南 Henan	林州市 Linzhou City (6)，巩义市 Gongyi City (2)，荥阳市 Xingyang City (2)，新安县 Xin’an County (1)，新密市 Xinmi City (1)
	河北 Hebei	井陉县 Jingxing County (5)

县 County	流行类型 Epidemiological type	报告病例数 No. reported case	人口数 Population^a	发病率/1·10 000^-1 Incidence rate/1·10 000^-1
山西平定县 Pingding County, Shanxi	MT-ZVL	33	303 600	1.1
山西阳泉市郊区 Outer suburbs of Yangquan City, Shanxi	MT-ZVL	28	275 700	1.0
山西阳泉市矿区 Mining dstrict of Yangquan City, Shanxi	MT-ZVL	18	228 000	0.8
陕西韩城市 Hancheng City, Shaanxi	MT-ZVL	11	392 500	0.3
山西襄汾县 Xiangfen County, Shanxi	MT-ZVL	10	421 900	0.2

特征 Features	流行区 Endemic area								非流行区 Non-endemic area		合计 Total
	人源型 AVL		野生动物源型 DT-ZVL		犬源型 MT-ZVL		小计 Subtotal		非流行区 Non-endemic area		合计 Total
	报告病例数 No. reported case	构成比/% Composition rate/%	报告病例数 No. reported case	构成比/% Composition rate/%	报告病例数 No. reported case	构成比/% Composition rate/%	报告病例数 No. reported case	构成比/% Composition rate/%	报告病例数 No. reported case	构成比/% Composition rate/%	报告病例数 No. reported case	构成比/% Composition rate/%
年龄组/岁 Age group/year
0~2	0	0	2	2/4	36	020.0	38	020.5	4	008.9	42	018.3
3~6	0	0	0	0	4	002.2	4	002.2	0	000.0	4	001.7
7~14	0	0	0	0	14	007.8	14	007.6	1	002.2	15	006.5
≥ 15	1	1/1	2	2/4	126	070.0	129	069.7	40	088.9	169	073.5
职业 Occupation
婴幼儿 Infants and young children	0	0	2	2/4	50	027.8	52	028.1	5	011.1	57	024.8
学生 Students	0	0	0	0	5	002.8	5	002.7	1	002.2	6	002.6
农民 Peasants	1	1/1	2	2/4	81	045.0	84	045.4	25	055.6	109	047.4
工人 Workers	0	0	0	0	0	000.0	0	000.0	1	002.2	1	000.4
商务服务 Business services	0	0	0	0	13	007.2	13	007.0	5	011.1	18	007.8
家务及待业 House work and unemployed	0	0	0	0	12	006.7	12	006.5	4	008.9	16	007.0
离退人员 Retired personnel	0	0	0	0	11	006.1	11	005.9	2	004.4	13	005.7
其他 Others	0	0	0	0	8	004.4	8	004.3	2	004.4	10	004.3
性别 Gender
男 Male	1	1/1	3	3/4	120	066.7	124	067.0	35	077.8	159	069.1
女 Female	0	0	1	1/4	60	033.3	61	033.0	10	022.2	71	030.9
合计 Total	1	1/1	4	4/4	180	100.0	185	100.0	45	100.0	230	100.0