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Evaluation on Malaria Hotspots in Yingjiang County of the China-Myanmar Border Area in 2015

ZHANG Cang-lin1, GUO Xiang-rui2, YANG Rui1, YANG Ya-ming1, YANG Zhong-hua1,ZHENG Yu-ting1, WU Chao1, LI Shi-gang3, LIN Ying-xue2, YU Guo-cui1, YAN Run-xian2, DUAN Kai-xia1, ZHOU Zi-you1, TIAN Peng1, ZHOU Yao-wu1, ZHOU Hong-ning1*   

  1. 1 Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Pu’er 665099, China；2 Centre of Disease Control and Prevention of Yingjiang County, Yingjiang 679300, China；3 Health Center of Nabang Town, Nabang 679319, China
  • Online:2016-10-30 Published:2016-11-09

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Abstract: Objective To understand the control status of malaria at hotspots in Yingjiang County and provide measures for malaria elimination in the China-Myanmar border areas of Yunnan Province. Methods A survey was made in 4 villages with indigenous malaria cases or imported cases in Nabang and Tongbiguan of Yingjiang County in Yunnan Province in June and July 2015. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the neighboring residents around patients and examined by malaria rapid diagnostic test （RDT）. The results were further verified by nested-PCR. Mosquitoes were collected by overnight trapping with light traps in Jingpo, Lilisu, Jiema, and Mengxiangyang villages or by human landing catches in Jingpo and Lisu villages. Nested-PCR was performed on part of the captured Anopheles minimus to detect the malaria parasites. Results One hundred and ninety-four filter blood samples were collected from 11 malaria cases in two sites. All were detected to be negative for Plasmodium by RDT. In contrast, two samples originated from Jingpo and Lisu villages with indigenous cases were detected to be positive for Plasmodium vivax by nested-PCR. A total of 2 374 mosquitoes were captured, belonging to 22 species of 4 genera: Anopheles, Culex, Aedes and Armigeres. The mosquitoes were predominated by genus Culex, followed by genus Anopheles（11.33%, 269/2 374） which was dominated by A. minimus（49.07%, 132/269）, then was A. sinensis（4.09%, 11/269）, A. maculatus（2.23%, 6/269）, A. jeyporiensis（0.74%, 2/269）and so on. The mean indoor man-biting rate of mosquitoes was 5.78 and 3.20 per person per hour for Jingpo and Lisu villages, and the mean outdoor man-biting rate of mosquitoes was 2.30 per person per hour for Lisu Village. The 14 A. minimus were negative for sporozoite infection as detected by nested-PCR. Conclusion Nested-PCR showed that there are asymptomatic Plasmodium carriers in Yingjiang’s border area of Yunnan Province. Four major mosquito species as malaria vectors exist with A. minimus as the dominant one.

Key words: Malaria, Active case detection, Nested-PCR, China-Myanmar border area