Abstract: Objective To assess the malaria transmission risk in the border area of Yunnan Province and provide evidence for adjustment of malaria intervention and elimination strategies. Method Data concerning malaria prevalence, vector distribution, and institutional intervention capacity were collected in 197 towns of 20 counties in the border area of Yunnan Province during 2012-2014. The malaria transmission potential index （TPI）, intervention capacity index（ICI） and malaria risk index（MRI) were calculated for each town, based on the criteria formulated by a professional committee. The towns were categorized according to the indices aforementioned. The risk map was created with GIS software. Results Based on the TPI, the 197 towns comprised of 2 grade-I towns（including Nabang in Yingjiang and Banlao in Cangyuan) with high transmission potential, 11 grade-II towns with moderate transmission potential and 184 grade-III towns with low transmission potential. Based on the ICI, the 197 towns comprised of 4 grade-III towns（including Zhongke in Ximen, Zhonghe and Diantan in Tengchong, and Menghan in Jinghong） with a weak control capacity, 20 grade-II towns with a moderate control capacity and 173 grade-I towns with a strong control capacity. Based on the MRI, the 197 towns comprised of 2 grade-I towns（including Nabang in Yingjiang, and Banlao in Cangyuan） with a high transmission risk level, 12 grade-II towns with a moderate level and 183 grade-III towns with a low level distributed in 20 counties. Conclusion The grade I or II towns with moderate and high transmission risk constitute <5% of the 197 towns in the border area, suggesting a relatively low level of malaria transmission risk in most counties.

Key words: Malaria, Transmission, Risk Assessment, Border Area, Yunnan province