Abstract: Objective To analyze the trends of malaria incidence from 2001 to 2005 in Yunnan Province. Method Malaria data in 2001-2005 were collected and statistically analyzed by using Microsoft excel 2003 and ArcView GIS 3.3 software. Results Among 63 562 malaria cases reported in the 5 years from 129 counties of 16 prefecture in the province, the average annual malaria incidence was 3.049/10 000 with an increase of 4.67% than the previous 5 years (χ2＝63.15， P＜0.05). There were 2 peaks of malaria incidence: May to August and October to November. Five prefectures with the highest malaria incidence were the prefecture bordering to the southern nations, and counties ranged first ten places of malaria incidence were all at the first line border areas besides Liang-He County which is in the second line border area. There were 23 counties with malaria incidence higher than 5 per ten thousand， occupying 80.31% of all cases in the province but only 12.74% of the population. 87.30% of the cases and 79.36% of the death occurred in those under 45 years-old. Farmers, laborers and students were at the high-risk of malaria infection. Moving population accounted for 17.06% of the cases and 23.42% of the death in the province. Conclusion Malaria is still an important part of public health in Yunnan Province, and people younger than 45 years-old， farmers， laborers and moving population are at the high risk for malaria infection.

Key words: Malaria, Incidence, High risk group, Yunnan