Abstract: The paper reports the distribution of human trematodes in the Yangtse Valley in Anhui Province investigated during 1986-1989. Altogether 16 286 inhabitants from 40 spots of the endemic area of schistosomiasis and 17611 persons from 34 sites of 7 randomly selected counties for human parasite survey were under study. The results revealed that the positive rate of schistosomiasis in endemic area by stool hatching remained as high as 8.6%, and the cases of acute infection increased to 4664 in 1989, indicating that schistosomiasis is still a major challenge in these regions. There are other 7 species of trematodes found in this area, namely, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasio-lopsis buski, Paragonimus westermani (both intra-and extra-pulmonary types),Echino-chasmus perfoliatus, Heterophyidae, Metagonimus yokogawai, and Fasiola gigantica, the overall infection rate being 1.2%. Among these species, Echinostomatide and Heterophyidae were recorded for the first time in Anhui province. In order to differentiate the species of trematodes which were difficult to identify based on egg examination alone, 11 cases of Echinochasmus perfoliatus, 3 cases of M. yokogawai and one case of Fasciola gigantica infection were confirmed by detecting adult worms following specific anthelmintic treatment.