Abstract: A 2-year repeated cross-sectional survey was carried out using Plasmodium falciparum and P. cynomolgi antigens in IFA technique in three different malaria endemic areas of Anhui Province where different antimalaria measures were adopted during 1983-1984 (Table 1). For comparison, a longitudinal survey was done simultaneously. The identical results of the two surveys suggest that both could be used to estimate the degree of endemicity and variation of falciparum and vivax malaria and to assess the effects of antimalaria measures.