Abstract: Current situation of epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis japonica in high mountainous regions were presented and the control measures discussed.In areas where Oncomelania snails were widely distributed, the elimination of the snails were rather difficult especially in places with limited labour force. The strategy of the control should be adjusted accordingly. Since most of the endemic areas in high mountainous regions are scattered, population movement is infrequent and wild animal plays an unimportant role in the transmission of the disease, stress of the control measures should be put on the chemotherapy of schistosomiasis patients as well as infected domestic animals. Data from pilot areas in high mountainous regions showed that after repeatedly treating infected humans and domestic animals with praziquantel, the prevalence rates dropped down dramatically. The elimination of Oncomelania snails in easily-infective areas for the local people is of second importance. In remote areas where snails are abundant but no infections have so far been detected, surveillance, rather than control measures, should be carried out periodically.