Abstract: 162 blood samples (dry blood drops) including 51 cases of falciparum malaria and 111 cases of vivax malaria were collected from malaria regions of different endemicities in Yunnan Province. Soluble antigens prepared from a strain of P. Jalciparum isolated from a male patient suffered from subtertian malaria at Simao was cultured to be used in ELISA test. P. cynomolgi antigen was used as control. The result shows that the positive rates of the two antigens are basically identical. However, the GMRT with P. Jalciparum antigen is significantly higher than that with P. cynomolgi antigen (371.76: 324.68, P0.05) and the GMRT with homologous antigen is evidently higher than that with heterogeneous antigen (527.8:317.5, P0.001). When ELISA was applied to 49 blood samples collected from exclusively vivax malaria district, the GMRT of the antibody positivity was markedly higher with P. cynomolgi antigen than with P. falciparum antigen.