Abstract: In order to further clarify the role of A. lesteri anthropophagus in malaria transmission in Jianghuai Region, Huangbo and Duci brigades of Luzhen Commune of suchen County, Anhui Province were selected for investigation from July to September,. 1982.The malaria morbidity rates of Huangbo and Duci brigades were 13.2%(P.falciparum 7.9%) and 5.0% (P. falciparum 1.6%); the parasite rates of local inhabitants were 37.8% (P. falciparum 16.5%) and 14.6% (P. falciparum 1.4%) respectively. Of 11,290 anophelines captured from bed-nets of dwellings in these two brigades, A. lesteri anthropophagus was predominant in Huangbo brigade (69.7% of total anpheline population) while in Duci brigade A. sinensis was predominant (89.2%). The positive sporozoite rates of A. lesteri anthropophagus and A. sinensis were 1.58% (53/3,357) and 0.11% (4/3,666), respectively.The entomological inoculation rate of the former was markedly higher than that of the latter. The local A. lesteri anthropophagus and A. sinensis and the local P. falciparum from gametocyte-positive blood samples were used for artificial infection. The positive rates of oocysts and sporozoites in A. lesteri anthropophagus were 27.9% and 10.9% (44/402), while those in A. sineresis, 11.3% and 3.0% (20/662) respectively.The results demonstrated that A. lesteri anthropophagus is the principal vector in Jianghuai Region of Anhui Province and plays a more important role in the transmission of P. falciparum than A. sinensis.WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis. Partial financial support was received from UNDP/World Bank/WHO TDR