2015年贵州省农村地区人体土源性线虫感染现状调查

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2019.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解贵州省农村地区人体土源性线虫感染现状,为制定全省土源性线虫病防治对策提供科学依据。方法 2015年按照《全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查方案》和实施细则要求开展调查。采用分层整群随机抽样方法从全省12个县（市、区）抽取30个农村调查点,每个调查点人数不少于250人。调查对象为农村常住人口。收集受检者粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法检测土源性线虫（蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫）虫卵并计数,3~6岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫卵。结果共调查7 572人,土源性线虫感染率为14.9%（1 127/7 572）,蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫、蛲虫感染率分别为8.1%（614/7 572）、2.2%（163/7 572）、6.3%（477/7 572）、0.3%（21/7 572）。12个县中,贞丰县的土源性线虫感染率最高,为30.8%（160/519）;思南县最低,为5.2%（13/250）,二者差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。男性土源性线虫感染率为12.6%（472/3 756）,低于女性的17.2%（655/3 816）（P < 0.01）。各年龄组均有感染者,以70岁以上年龄组感染率最高,为21.0%（111/528）;职业分布中以农（牧、渔）民感染率最高,为15.8%（780/4 946）;民族分布中以仡佬族人群感染率最高,为22.9%（63/275）;文化程度以文盲人群感染率最高,为18.9%（214/1 133）;不同年龄组、职业、民族、文化程度间感染率差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论贵州省农村地区土源性线虫感染以蛔虫和钩虫为主,有明显的地区差异,女性、70岁以上老人、农（牧、渔）民、仡佬族、文盲人群是重点防治对象。

关键词: 土源性线虫, 感染, 调查, 贵州省

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the infection status of human soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in rural areas of Guizhou Province so as to provide scientific basis for formulating the prevention and control measures for these diseases in the province. Methods The study was performed according to the National Survey Program and Implementation Rules for the Status of Human Key Parasites in 2015. Total 30 survey sites were selected from 12 counties (cities or districts) based on the stratified cluster random sampling method. No less than 250 permanent villagers in each site were enrolled in the survey. The fecal samples were collected from each participant and the eggs of STHs (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, whipworm and Enterobius vermicularis) were examined under microscope using Kato-Katz technique. The eggs of E. vermicularis were examined using transparent adhesive tape around anuses of children with age of 3-6 years old. Results A total of 7 572 residents were investigated with STH infection rate of 14.9% (1 127/7 572). The infection rates of A. lumbricoides, whipworm, hookworm, and E. vermicularis were 8.1% (614/7 572), 2.2% (163/7 572), 6.3% (477/7 572) and 0.3% (21/7 572), respectively. Among the 12 counties surveyed, the infection rate of STH in Zhenfeng County was the highest (30.8%, 160/519), while that in Sinan County was the lowest (5.2%, 13/250), with statistical significance in different counties (P < 0.01). The infection rate of STH in males was 12.6% (472/3 756), which is lower than that in females (17.2%, 655/3 816) with statistical difference (P < 0.01). The STH infections were found in all age groups with the highest infection rate in the age group over 70 years old (21.0%, 111/528). Farmers as well as herdsmen and fishermen, possessed the highest infection rate of 15.8% (780/4 946) compared with people with other occupations. People in Gelao ethnic group owned higher STH infection rate of 22.9% (63/275) than people with other ethnic groups. In terms of education, the STH infection rate was highest among illiterate residents (18.9%, 214/1 133). There was statistical difference in infection rates among the residents with different age groups, occupations, nationalities and education levels (P < 0.01). Conclusion A. lumbricoides and hookworm are the main soil-transmitted helminths that infect people in rural areas of Guizhou Province. There are obvious regional distribution. Female with age over 70, farmers including hersman and fisherman, Gelao minority ethnic group and illiterate people are the main population with high infection and therefore the major control targets.

Key words: Soil-transmitted helminth, Infection, Investigation, Guizhou Province

中图分类号:

R532.1

朱爱娅, 姚丹成, 李安梅, 戴佳芮, 李杨, 黄雨婷, 师伟芳, 佘丹娅. 2015年贵州省农村地区人体土源性线虫感染现状调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2019, 37(6): 670-675.

Ai-ya ZHU, Dan-cheng YAO, An-mei LI, Jia-rui DAI, Yang LI, Yu-ting HUANG, Wei-fang SHI, Dan-ya SHE. Prevalence of human soil-transmitted helminth infections in rural areas of Guizhou Province in 2015[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2019, 37(6): 670-675.

图/表 2

表1

表2

2015年贵州省农村地区土源性线虫感染人群分布情况

特征Feature	检查人数No.examined	总感染人数No.infected	总感染率/%Infection rate/%	蛔虫 A. lumbricoides		鞭虫 Whipworm		钩虫 Hookworm		蛲虫^a E. vermicularis^a
特征Feature	检查人数No.examined	总感染人数No.infected	总感染率/%Infection rate/%	感染人数No.infected	感染率/%Infection rate/%	感染人数No.infected	感染率/%Infection rate/%	感染人数No.infected	感染率/%Infection rate/%	感染人数No.infected	感染率/%Infection rate/%
性别Gender
男性Male	3 756	472	12.6	271	7.2	72	1.9	181	4.8	11	0.3
女性Female	3 816	655	17.2	343	9.0	91	2.4	296	7.8	10	0.3
小计Subtotal	7 572	1 127	14.9	614	8.1	163	2.2	477	6.3	21	0.3
年龄Age
0~10	1 128	126	11.2	96	8.5	30	2.7	16	1.4	20	1.8
10~20	1 344	205	15.3	153	11.4	56	4.2	37	2.8	0	0
20~30	578	54	9.3	34	5.9	4	0.7	21	3.6	0	0
30~40	907	112	12.4	61	6.7	20	2.2	41	4.5	0	0
40~50	1 233	173	14.0	96	7.8	15	1.2	72	5.8	0	0
50~60	953	159	16.7	61	6.4	15	1.6	102	10.7	0	0
60~70	901	187	20.8	69	7.7	13	1.4	122	13.5	0	0
≥70	528	111	21.0	44	8.3	10	1.9	66	12.5	1	0.2
小计Subtotal	7 572	1 127	14.9	614	8.1	163	2.2	477	6.3	21	0.3
职业Occupation
农（牧、渔）民Farmer (herdsman and fisherman)	4 946	780	15.8	354	7.2	74	1.5	422	8.5	1	0.0
学生Student	1 871	277	14.8	207	11.1	74	4.0	48	2.6	4	0.2
学龄前儿童 Preschool child	541	48	8.9	37	6.8	10	1.9	3	0.6	16	3.0
其他Others	214	22	10.3	16	7.5	5	2.3	4	1.9	0	0
小计Subtotal	7 572	1 127	14.9	614	8.1	163	2.2	477	6.3	21	0.3
民族Nationality
汉族Han	4 854	649	13.4	415	8.6	71	1.5	231	4.8	7	0.1
侗族Dong	930	157	16.9	46	5.0	24	2.6	102	11.0	10	1.1
布依族Buyi	835	131	15.7	43	5.2	30	3.6	77	9.2	0	0
仡佬族Gelao	275	63	22.9	39	14.2	6	2.2	22	8.0	1	0.4
苗族Miao	202	35	17.3	17	8.4	4	2.0	22	10.9	2	1.0
彝族Yi	163	31	19.0	23	14.1	8	4.9	2	1.2	1	0.6
其他Others	313	61	19.5	31	9.9	20	6.4	21	6.7	0	0
小计Subtotal	7 572	1 127	14.9	614	8.1	163	2.2	477	6.3	21	0.3
文化程度Education levels
文盲lliteracy	1 133	214	18.9	73	6.4	15	1.3	140	12.4	1	0.1
小学Primary school	4 004	656	16.4	372	9.3	107	2.7	268	6.7	3	0.1
初中Junior high school	1 666	177	10.6	109	6.5	28	1.7	58	3.5	0	0
高中及以上Senior high school and above	234	31	13.3	22	9.4	3	1.3	7	3.0	0	0
学龄前儿童 Preschool children	535	49	9.2	38	7.1	10	1.9	4	0.8	17	3.2
小计Subtotal	7 572	1 127	14.9	614	8.1	163	2.2	477	6.3	21	0.3

表2

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