寄生虫的健康威胁与生态功能

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.04.003

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 463-468.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2025.04.003

寄生虫的健康威胁与生态功能

王旭¹(), 尹建海¹, 韩帅¹, 杨扬², 李梦晴¹, 沈玉娟¹, 曹建平¹^,²^,^*()()

1 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心，上海 200025
2 上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院，上海 200025

收稿日期:2025-01-16 修回日期:2025-04-25 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-08-14
通讯作者: *曹建平（ORCID：0000-0002-1974-0047），男，博士，研究员，从事寄生虫感染与免疫研究。E-mail：caojp@chinacdc.cn
作者简介:王旭（ORCID：0000-0002-5193-9697），男，博士，副研究员，从事寄生虫生物学和寄生虫病流行病学研究。E-mail：wangxu@nipd.chinacdc.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(82404325);国家自然科学基金(82272369)

Health threat and ecological function of parasites

WANG Xu¹(), YIN Jianhai¹, HAN Shuai¹, YANG Yang², LI Mengqing¹, SHEN Yujuan¹, CAO Jianping¹^,²^,^*()()

1 National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China
2 School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2025-01-16 Revised:2025-04-25 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-08-14
Contact: *E-mail: caojp@chinacdc.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82404325);National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272369)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随着无处不在的寄生关系，寄生虫广泛分布于全球各生态系统。寄生虫对宿主的寄生作用可引发多种寄生虫病，对人类与动物的健康构成持续威胁。同时，作为生态系统功能网络的关键参与者之一，寄生虫可调控宿主种群动态、能量流动及生物多样性，在地球生态系统的稳态维持中发挥着不可替代的生态功能。本文从致病威胁和生态服务双重属性浅析寄生虫的生物学角色，并基于“全健康”和“生态健康”协同框架，探讨了跨学科方法在寄生虫学和寄生虫病研究中的应用前景。

关键词: 寄生虫, 寄生虫病, 全健康, 生态健康, 人兽共患病

Abstract:

Along with the ubiquitous parasitic relationship, parasites are widely distributed across all ecological systems in the world. The parasitic behavior of parasites to the host may cause multiple parasitic diseases, posing persistent threats to human and animal health. Meanwhile, as key participants in functional networks of ecosystems, parasites play irreplaceable ecological roles in maintaining the earth’s ecosystem homeostasis through regulating host population dynamics, energy flow and biodiversity. This review analyzes the dual biological role of parasites from perspectives of pathogenic threats and ecological services, and discusses the potential application of interdisciplinary approaches in parasitology and parasitic diseases research under the collaborative framework of “One Health” and “Ecohealth”.

Key words: Parasite, Parasitic disease, One Health, EcoHealth, Zoonosis

中图分类号:

王旭, 尹建海, 韩帅, 杨扬, 李梦晴, 沈玉娟, 曹建平. 寄生虫的健康威胁与生态功能[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(4): 463-468.

WANG Xu, YIN Jianhai, HAN Shuai, YANG Yang, LI Mengqing, SHEN Yujuan, CAO Jianping. Health threat and ecological function of parasites[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2025, 43(4): 463-468.

参考文献 63

[1]	Balloux F, van Dorp L. Q&A: What are pathogens, and what have they done to and for us[J]. BMC Biol, 2017, 15(1): 91.
[2]	Editorial. Microbiology by numbers[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2011, 9(9): 628.
[3]	Robertson LJ. Parasites in food: From a neglected position to an emerging issue[J]. Adv Food Nutr Res, 2018, 86: 71-113.
[4]	WHO. First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases 2010: Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases[R]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010: 1-15.
[5]	Blake DP, Betson M. One health: Parasites and beyond[J]. Parasitology, 2017, 144(1): 1-6.
[6]	Torgerson PR, Mac Pherson CNL. The socioeconomic burden of parasitic zoonoses: Global trends[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2011, 182(1): 79-95.
[7]	Torgerson PR. One world health: Socioeconomic burden and parasitic disease control priorities[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2013, 195(3/4): 223-232.
[8]	Deol AK, Fleming FM, Calvo-Urbano B, et al. Schistosomiasis-assessing progress toward the 2020 and 2025 global goals[J]. N Engl J Med, 2019, 381(26): 2519-2528.
[9]	Venkatesan P. The 2023 WHO World malaria report[J]. Lancet Microbe, 2024, 5(3): e214.
[10]	陈颖丹, 周长海, 朱慧慧, 等. 2015年全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(1): 5-16.
	Chen YD, Zhou CH, Zhu HH, et al. National survey on the current status of important human parasitic diseases in China in 2015[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2020, 38(1): 5-16. (in Chinese)
[11]	Li T, He SY, Zhao H, et al. Major trends in human parasitic diseases in China[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2010, 26(5): 264-270.
[12]	Andrew Thompson RC. Parasite zoonoses and wildlife: One Health, spillover and human activity[J]. Int J Parasitol, 2013, 43(12/13): 1079-1088.
[13]	Herrero M, Thornton PK, Gerber P, et al. Livestock, livelihoods and the environment: Understanding the trade-offs[J]. Curr Opin Environ Sustain, 2009, 1(2): 111-120.
[14]	Chapman HD, Barta JR, Blake D, et al. A selective review of advances in coccidiosis research[J]. Adv Parasitol, 2013, 83: 93-171.
[15]	Cardona GA, Carmena D. A review of the global prevalence, molecular epidemiology and economics of cystic echinococcosis in production animals[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2013, 192(1/2/3): 10-32.
[16]	Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Mihalca AD, et al. Zoonotic parasites of sheltered and stray dogs in the era of the global economic and political crisis[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2017, 33(10): 813-825.
[17]	Chalkowski K, Wilson AE, Lepczyk CA, et al. Who let the cats out: A global meta-analysis on risk of parasitic infection in indoor versus outdoor domestic cats (Felis catus)[J]. Biol Lett, 2019, 15(4): 20180840.
[18]	Vermeulen LC, Benders J, Medema G, et al. Global Cryptosporidium loads from livestock manure[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2017, 51(15): 8663-8671.
[19]	Rushton J, Bruce M. Using a One Health approach to assess the impact of parasitic disease in livestock: How does it add value[J]. Parasitology, 2017, 144(1): 15-25.
[20]	Lloyd-Smith JO, George D, Pepin KM, et al. Epidemic dynamics at the human-animal interface[J]. Science, 2009, 326(5958): 1362-1367.
[21]	Jenkins EJ, Simon A, Bachand N, et al. Wildlife parasites in a One Health world[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2015, 31(5): 174-180.
[22]	Murray KA, Preston N, Allen T, et al. Global biogeography of human infectious diseases[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015, 112(41): 12746-12751.
[23]	Wells K, Gibson DI, Clark NJ, et al. Global spread of helminth parasites at the human-domestic animal-wildlife interface[J]. Glob Chang Biol, 2018, 24(7): 3254-3265.
[24]	Rizzoli A, Tagliapietra V, Cagnacci F, et al. Parasites and wildlife in a changing world: The vectorhost pathogen interaction as a learning case[J]. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl, 2019, 9: 394-401.
[25]	Polley L, Andrew Thompson RC. Parasite zoonoses and climate change: Molecular tools for tracking shifting boundaries[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2009, 25(6): 285-291.
[26]	Gajadhar AA, Allen JR. Factors contributing to the public health and economic importance of waterborne zoonotic parasites[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2004, 126(1/2): 3-14.
[27]	Gajadhar AA, Scandrett WB, Forbes LB. Overview of food- and water-borne zoonotic parasites at the farm level[J]. Rev Sci Tech, 2006, 25(2): 595-606.
[28]	Almeria S, Robertson L, Santin M. Why foodborne and waterborne parasites are important for veterinarians[J]. Res Vet Sci, 2021, 136: 198-199.
[29]	Amoah ID, Singh G, Stenstr?m TA, et al. Detection and quantification of soil-transmitted helminths in environmental samples: A review of current state-of-the-art and future perspectives[J]. Acta Trop, 2017, 169: 187-201.
[30]	Eslahi AV, Olfatifar M, Zaki L, et al. Global prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among food handlers: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Food Control, 2023, 145: 109466.
[31]	He C, Kim H, Hashizume M, et al. The effects of night-time warming on mortality burden under future climate change scenarios: A modelling study[J]. Lancet Planet Health, 2022, 6(8): e648.e657.
[32]	Rohr JR, Dobson AP, Johnson PTJ, et al. Frontiers in climate changedisease research[J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 2011, 26(6): 270-277.
[33]	Carlson CJ, Burgio KR, Dougherty ER, et al. Parasite biodiversity faces extinction and redistribution in a changing climate[J]. Sci Adv, 2017, 3(9): e1602422.
[34]	Pickles RSA, Thornton D, Feldman R, et al. Predicting shifts in parasite distribution with climate change: A multitrophic level approach[J]. Glob Chang Biol, 2013, 19(9): 2645-2654.
[35]	Hudson PJ, Dobson AP, Lafferty KD. Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites[J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 2006, 21(7): 381-385.
[36]	Poulin R. The many roads to parasitism: A tale of convergence[J]. Adv Parasitol, 2011, 74: 1-40..
[37]	Levine ND, Corliss JO, Cox FE, et al. A newly revised classification of the protozoa[J]. J Protozool, 1980, 27(1): 37-58.
[38]	Hoberg EP. Foundations for an integrative parasitology: Collections, archives, and biodiversity informatics[J]. Comp Parasitol, 2002, 69(2): 124-131.
[39]	Dallas TA, Aguirre AA, Budischak S, et al. Gauging support for macroecological patterns in helminth parasites[J]. Glob Ecol Biogeogr, 2018, 27(12): 1437-1447.
[40]	Carlson CJ, Dallas TA, Alexander LW, et al. What would it take to describe the global diversity of parasites[J]. Proc Biol Sci, 2020, 287(1939): 20201841.
[41]	Poulin R. Parasite biodiversity revisited: Frontiers and constraints[J]. Int J Parasitol, 2014, 44(9): 581-589.
[42]	Auld SKJR, Tinsley MC. The evolutionary ecology of complex lifecycle parasites: Linking phenomena with mechanisms[J]. Heredity (Edinb), 2015, 114(2): 125-132.
[43]	Parker GA, Chubb JC, Ball MA, et al. Evolution of complex life cycles in helminth parasites[J]. Nature, 2003, 425(6957): 480-484.
[44]	Gandon S, Michalakis Y. Local adaptation, evolutionary potential and host parasite coevolution: Interactions between migration, mutation, population size and generation time[J]. J Evol Biol, 2002, 15(3): 451-462.
[45]	Thomas F, Guégan JF, Michalakis Y, et al. Parasites and host life-history traits: Implications for community ecology and species co-existence[J]. Int J Parasitol, 2000, 30(5): 669-674.
[46]	Forbes MRL. Parasitism and host reproductive effort[J]. Oikos, 1993, 67(3): 444.
[47]	Thomas, Oget, Gente, et al. Assortative pairing with respect to parasite load in the beetle Timarcha maritima (Chrysomelidae)[J]. J Evol Biol, 1999, 12(2): 385-390.
[48]	Tompkins DM, Greenman JV, Robertson PA, et al. The role of shared parasites in the exclusion of wildlife hosts: Heterakis gallinarum in the ring-necked pheasant and the grey partridge[J]. J Anim Ecol, 2000, 69(5): 829-840.
[49]	Lefèvre T, Lebarbenchon C, Gauthier-Clerc M, et al. The ecological significance of manipulative parasites[J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 2009, 24(1): 41-48.
[50]	Wood MJ. Parasites entangled in food webs[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2007, 23(1): 8-10.
[51]	Marcogliese DJ. Parasites of the superorganism: Are they indicators of ecosystem health[J]. Int J Parasitol, 2005, 35(7): 705-716.
[52]	Sures B, Nachev M, Selbach C, et al. Parasite responses to pollution: What we know and where we go in ‘Environmental Parasitology’[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2017, 10(1): 65.
[53]	Barnes AN, Davaasuren A, Baasandavga U, et al. Zoonotic enteric parasites in Mongolian people, animals, and the environment: Using One Health to address shared pathogens[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2021, 15(7): e0009543.
[54]	Galán-Puchades MT, Trelis M, Sáez-Durán S, et al. One health approach to zoonotic parasites: Molecular detection of intestinal protozoans in an urban population of Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, in Barcelona, Spain[J]. Pathogens, 2021, 10(3): 311.
[55]	Krecek RC, Rabinowitz PM, Conrad PA. Demystifying and demonstrating the value of a One Health approach to parasitological challenges[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2020, 287: 109202.
[56]	Schurer JM, Mosites E, Li C, et al. Community-based surveillance of zoonotic parasites in a ‘One Health’ world: A systematic review[J]. One Health, 2016, 2: 166-174.
[57]	Lancet T. One Health: A call for ecological equity[J]. Lancet, 2023, 401(10372): 169.
[58]	Gittleman JL. “One Health” needs ecology[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2024, 121(50): e2413367121.
[59]	Harrison S, Kivuti-Bitok L, Mac Millan A, et al. EcoHealth and One Health: A theory-focused review in response to calls for convergence[J]. Environ Int, 2019, 132: 105058.
[60]	Zinsstag J. Convergence of EcoHealth and One Health[J]. Ecohealth, 2012, 9(4): 371-373.
[61]	Zinsstag J, Schelling E, Waltner-Toews D, et al. From “One Medicine” to “One Health” and systemic approaches to health and well-being[J]. Prev Vet Med, 2011, 101(3/4): 148-156.
[62]	Charron DF. Ecosystem approaches to health for a global sustainability agenda[J]. Ecohealth, 2012, 9(3): 256-266.
[63]	Orlando LF, De Pinto AJ, Wallace KJ. Ecohealth villages: A framework for an ecosystem approach to health in human settlements[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(12): 7053.

寄生虫的健康威胁与生态功能

Health threat and ecological function of parasites

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 63

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	刘平果, 尹家祥. 肝毛细线虫感染现状及其防治策略[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(4): 575-580.
[2]	屈磊, 焦泽瑞, 李红梅, 段磊, 秦志强, 钱门宝, 吕山. 全球人体主要寄生虫病疾病负担趋势分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(3): 409-415.
[3]	黎薄文, 王军浩, 曾茜, 徐卡娅. 青少年脑胸型并殖吸虫病致反复单发脑出血1例[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(3): 446-448.
[4]	滕雪娇, 黄浩, 朱剑辉, 钟晨, 陈晨, 吴家兵, 邓舒. 2013—2023年安徽省传染病网络直报系统法定寄生虫病报告情况分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2025, 43(1): 91-96.
[5]	陈萌, 陶洪, 李彦忠, 张娟, 周晓梅. 云南省布朗族聚居地区人群肠道寄生虫感染情况调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(5): 623-628.
[6]	朱昊天, 周勇志, 曹杰, 王亚楠, 张厚双, 徐前明, 周金林. 长角血蜱天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶8基因的鉴定及其抵抗田鼠巴贝虫感染作用的研究[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(4): 433-438.
[7]	谷思雨, 强讷, 李天韵, 韩乐飞, 周晓农. 新发传染病全球大流行的挑战与跨部门综合防控策略[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(3): 279-285.
[8]	徐凯, 陈力, 林登峰. 寄生虫及其相关物治疗炎症性肠病转归进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(3): 407-412.
[9]	李昆雷, 夏俊, 邱美龄, 胡美荷, 吉古孝安, 候梦丹, 翟少华. 抗寄生虫中药活性成分体外抗细粒棘球蚴作用[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(2): 191-198.
[10]	王强, 许静, 夏志贵, 韩帅, 张仪, 钱门宝, 李石柱, 周晓农. 我国重点寄生虫病疫情形势及防控工作重点[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(1): 1-7.
[11]	秦源, 刘华, 王雅雪, 张璟, 苏雅馨, 曹建平, 沈玉娟. 上海市宠物犬和猫毕氏肠微孢子虫和卡耶塔环孢子虫感染情况及分子特性研究[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(1): 63-68.
[12]	郝瑜婉, 田添, 朱泽林, 陈怡君, 朱慧慧, 王强, 李石柱, 周晓农. 全国疾控机构重点寄生虫病防治能力建设现状分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(1): 83-90.
[13]	国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心, 国家传染病医学中心撰写组. 食源性寄生虫病诊治专家共识（2023）[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2023, 41(6): 653-668.
[14]	马悦, 赵保才, 周佳丽, 胡峻豪, 赵洪喜. miRNA在顶复门寄生虫感染中调控作用的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2023, 41(6): 749-755.
[15]	费思伟, 赵翰卿, 尹静娴, 孙芷珊, 郭晓奎, KASSEGNE Kokouvi, 周晓农. 基于文献计量分析的蜱及蜱传疾病研究领域发展趋势[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2023, 41(5): 609-618.