关键词: 卡耶塔环孢子虫, 环孢子虫病, 流行病学, 检测技术, 食源性寄生虫病

Abstract:

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an emerging foodborne intestinal protozoan parasite that causes cyclosporiasis, a disease primarily characterized by persistent diarrhea. In recent years, it has become a major public health threat worldwide and is a pathogen under surveillance by FoodNet in the United States. The oocysts of C. cayetanensis become infective only after sporulation in the environment and are primarily transmitted via contaminated agricultural products and water sources. No direct human-to-human transmission has been documented to date. Cases of cyclosporiasis have been reported in at least 54 countries globally, with large-scale foodborne outbreaks occurring repeatedly in the United States, Canada, and other regions. The 2026 cyclosporiasis outbreak in the United States was the most severe on record, with 13 895 reported indigenous confirmed cases and over 10 455 suspected cases (as of August 11, 2026). In China, the first case of cyclosporiasis was reported in 1995, and sporadic human infections have been documented across multiple regions with significant geographical variation. However, due to the absence of a national surveillance network, baseline data at the national level remain lacking, and the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in China are still unclear. This article reviews the research progress on the etiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, detection techniques, and surveillance systems of C. cayetanensis, aiming to provide a reference for surveillance, risk assessment and prevention and control strategies for cyclosporiasis.

Key words: Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cyclosporiasis, Epidemiology, Detection techniques, Foodborne parasitic diseases