中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 351-357.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.03.006

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海省果洛藏族自治州犬科动物棘球绦虫感染状况与人群棘球蚴病风险因素调查

马万里(), 蔡辉霞*()(), 刘佳, 张雄英, 王威, 晁洁, 刘娜, 张青, 贾德强, 郭帅, 赵存哲, 祁通生, 詹培珍, 丁玉莲, 刘玉芳, 雷雯, 史可梅   

  1. 青海省地方病预防控制所青海西宁 811602
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-23 修回日期:2026-06-09 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-06-24
  • 通讯作者: *蔡辉霞(ORCID:0000-0002-6842-4702),女,硕士,主任医师,从事棘球蚴病防治研究。E-mail:huixia_1107@163.com
  • 作者简介:马万里,男,本科,主管医师,从事棘球蚴病防治研究。E-mail:741253613@qq.com
    第一联系人:

    马万里负责数据整理、分析和论文撰写,刘佳、张雄英、王威、晁洁、刘娜、张青、贾德强、赵存哲负责现场调查;祁通生、詹培珍、丁玉莲、刘玉芳、雷雯、郭帅、史可梅负责实验工作;蔡辉霞负责项目设计、技术指导、论文修改。

  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2024-ZJ-791);青海省卫生健康委厅局级指导性课题(2024-wjzdx-46)

Prevalence of Echinococcus infections in canines and risk factors of human echinococcosis in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

MA Wanli(), CAI Huixia*()(), LIU Jia, ZHANG Xiongying, WANG Wei, CHAO Jie, LIU Na, ZHANG Qing, JIA Deqiang, GUO Shuai, ZHAO Cunzhe, QI Tongsheng, ZHAN Peizhen, DING Yulian, LIU Yufang, LEI Wen, SHI Kemei   

  1. Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2026-03-23 Revised:2026-06-09 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-06-24
  • Contact: *E-mail:huixia_1107@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Applied Basic Research Project of Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2024-ZJ-791);Guiding Project of Qinghai Provincial Health Commission(2024-wjzdx-46)

摘要:

目的 了解青海省果洛藏族自治州(简称果洛)犬科动物棘球绦虫感染情况、人群棘球蚴病感染因素及风险行为,为该地区棘球蚴病精准防控提供科学依据。方法 2025年采用随机抽样方法,对果洛班玛县、达日县、久治县的11个乡(镇)的牧业养犬户开展家犬感染因素调查,同时采集新鲜或表观被膜完整的家犬、野外犬科动物粪样,采用多重实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测粪样棘球绦虫感染情况。基于前期调查结果,同年开展果洛班玛县、达日县人群棘球蚴病感染因素及风险行为调查,以人群既往棘球蚴病患病情况为因变量进行单因素分析,构建logistic回归模型,分析人群患病的独立影响因素。使用SPSS25.0统计软件进行统计学分析,采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法分析构成比差异。结果 共采集犬粪945份(家犬粪样696份,野外犬科动物粪样249份),犬粪棘球绦虫总阳性率为1.59%(15/945)。其中家犬粪样阳性率为0.43%(3/696),明显低于野外犬科动物的4.82%(12/249)(χ2 = 19.885,P < 0.01)。共收集家犬感染风险因素问卷459份,分析结果显示,家犬不同拴养方式之间犬粪阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 8.400,P < 0.05),其余风险因素均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。人群棘球蚴病行为调查发放问卷400份,回收有效问卷346份,回收率为86.50%,棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率为86.12%(1 788/2 076),合格率为86.99%(301/346)。班玛县和达日县的人群棘球蚴病防治知识合格率分别为96.95%(159/164)和78.02%(142/182),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 25.672,P < 0.05);家中养犬、居家附近有流浪犬或野生犬科动物、随意躺在草地并口衔草梗、家中生牛羊脏器的处理方式的不同行为人群合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 18.155、5.115、3.958、32.647,均P < 0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,班玛县和达日县的人群棘球蚴病患病情况差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 4.984,P < 0.05);不同年龄组、文化程度,以及家中养犬、居家附近有流浪犬或野生犬科动物、随意躺在草地并口衔草梗的不同行为人群棘球蚴病患病情况差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 9.298、14.202、10.426、8.082、7.247,均P < 0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄组(OR = 2.075,95% CI:1.041~4.138)、文化程度(OR = 0.440,95% CI:0.224~0.865)、家中养犬(OR = 2.482,95% CI:1.017~6.057)、居家附近有流浪犬或野生犬科动物(OR = 3.094,95%CI:1.096~8.732)是人群患病的独立影响因素。结论 青海果洛牧业户家养犬棘球绦虫防控效果较好,但人群感染风险因素仍持续存在,需强化牧业户健康教育,规范犬类饲养管理,野外犬科动物棘球绦虫阳性率居高不下,需优化野外犬科动物防控体系,巩固现有防控成果。

关键词: 棘球绦虫, 棘球蚴病, 感染因素, 果洛

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in canines and the risk factors and behaviors for human echinococcosis in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of precise echinococcosis control in this region. Methods Pastoral dog-raising households were randomly sampled from 11 townships of Banma County, Dari County and Jiuzhi County in Guoluo for surveying on risk factors for domestic dog infection using a random sampling method in 2025, and fresh or apparently intact fecal samples were collected from domestic dogs and wild canines. A multiplex quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was employed to detect Echinococcus infection status in fecal samples. Based on the previous surveys, the risk factors and behaviors of human echinococcosis were examined in Bama County and Dari County, Guoluo in 2025. Univariate analysis was performed with a history of human echinococcosis as an dependent variable, and a logistic regression model was created to identify independent factors affecting the development of human echinococcosis. All statistical analyses were performed with the statistical software SPSS 25.0, and chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of constituent ratios. Results A total of 945 canine fecal samples were collected, including 696 fecal samples from domestic dogs and 249 fecal samples from wild canines. The overall prevalence of Echinococcus was 1.59% (15/945) in dog feces, and the detection of Echinococcus was higher in fecal samples from domestic dogs than those from wild dogs [0.43% (3/696) vs. 4.82% (12/249); χ² = 19.885, P < 0.01]. A total of 459 questionnaires on risk factors for Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs were collected. The analysis showed that the fecal positivity rate in domestic dogs differed significantly among different tying methods(χ² = 8.400, P < 0.05), while no statistical significance was found for the other risk factors (P > 0.05). A total of 400 questionnaires pertaining to human echinococcosis behaviors, and 346 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 86.50%. The awareness and qualification rates of echinococcosis control knowledge were 86.12% (1 788/2 076) and 86.99% (301/346). A significant difference was found in the qualification rate of human echinococcosis knowledge between Banma County (96.95%, 159/164) and Dari County (78.02%, 142/182) (χ² = 25.672, P < 0.05), and significant differences were detected in the qualification rate among individuals with dog breeding at home, presence of stray dogs or wild canines near the residence, behaviors of lying on grass or biting grass, and household disposal of raw bovine and goat viscera (χ² = 18.155, 5.115, 3.958, 32.647; all P < 0.05). The univariate analysis results showed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of human echinococcosis between Banma County and Dari County (χ² = 4.984, P < 0.05), and significant differences were found in the prevalence of human echinococcosis in terms of populations, age groups, education level, dog breeding at home, presence of stray dogs or wild canines near the residence, and behaviors of lying on grass or biting grass (χ² = 9.298, 14.202, 10.426, 8.082, 7.247, all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age group (OR = 2.075, 95% CI: 1.041 to 4.138), education level (OR = 0.440, 95% CI: 0.224 to 0.865), dog breeding at home (OR = 2.482, 95% CI: 1.017 to 6.057), and presence of stray dogs or wild canines near the residence (OR = 3.094, 95% CI: 1.096 to 8.732) as independent factors affecting the prevalence of human echinococcosis. Conclusion The management of Echinococcus infections is satisfactory in domestic dogs raised by pastoral households in Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province; however, there are persistent risk factors for human Echinococcus infections, which requires reinforced health education for pastoral households and standardized management for canine breeding. Given the high prevalence of Echinococcus infections in wild canines, the control system targeting wild canines needs to be optimized to consolidate the gained echinococcosis control achievements.

Key words: Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcosis, Infection factors, Guoluo

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