中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 336-342.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2026.03.004

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2016—2025年宁夏棘球蚴病综合防治效果及防控对策

吴向林()(), 段红菊, 齐蓉婷, 刘煊, 闫芳, 马学平*()()   

  1. 宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心宁夏银川 7500011
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-13 修回日期:2026-05-29 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-06-22
  • 通讯作者: *马学平(ORCID:0000-0001-9665-9851),男,主任技师,从事疾病预防控制工作。E-mail:545126419@qq.com
  • 作者简介:吴向林(ORCID:0000-0003-0428-1869),男,主任医师,从事寄生虫病预防控制与研究。E-mail:545126419@qq.com
    第一联系人:

    吴向林负责组织开展调查工作,负责分析数据、撰写论文,段红菊、刘煊负责统计分析,齐蓉婷、闫芳负责数据收集、录入等,马学平负责对调查工作和论文撰写进行指导。

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金(2021AAC03416);宁夏青年拔尖人才培养工程项目(RQ0049)

Effectiveness of integrated echinococcosis control programmes and control strategies for echinococcosis in Ningxia

WU Xianglin()(), DUAN Hongju, QI Rongting, LIU Xuan, YAN Fang, MA Xueping*()()   

  1. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750011, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2026-01-13 Revised:2026-05-29 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-06-22
  • Contact: *E-mail:545126419@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(2021AAC03416);Ningxia Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(RQ0049)

摘要:

目的 分析宁夏棘球蚴病综合防治效果,为制定防控对策提供参考依据。方法 2016—2025年在宁夏19个细粒棘球蚴病流行县(市、区),以既往有棘球蚴病病例报告或家犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性的村(社区)为人群筛查点,整村开展筛查。3岁及以上常住居民进行腹部B超检查人群棘球蚴病;每村(社区)抽取50只家犬,ELISA检测粪棘球绦虫抗原,计算阳性率;抽取当地屠宰场齿龄为1岁及以上羊1 000只或牛500头,检查内脏,计算牛羊棘球蚴感染率。3个多房棘球蚴病流行区周边各布置鼠夹400盘,检查内脏,计算捕获的小型啮齿类棘球蚴感染率。对棘球蚴病患者建档管理,对药物和手术治疗效果进行判定。对人群开展棘球蚴病防治知识知晓情况调查。结果 宁夏细粒棘球蚴病检出率由2016年的1.60‰(133/83 240)下降至2025年的0.36‰(35/98 263)(χ2趋势 = 265.704,P < 0.05);多房棘球蚴病检出率由2016年的0.20‰(17/83 240)下降到2025年的0.01‰(1/98 263)(χ2趋势 = 45.581,P < 0.05)。家犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率由2016年的3.47%(547/15 776)下降至2025年的0.35%(50/14 290)(χ2趋势 = 1 119.418,P < 0.05),但2022年为0.75%(106/14 173)、2023年为0.76%年(167/21 916),出现小幅反弹。牛、羊棘球蚴感染率总体呈下降趋势,其中2019年、2024年、2025年未检出感染牛,羊感染率2025年(0.07%,6/9 218)较2016年(1.07%,78/7 291)下降了1个百分点(牛χ2趋势 = 44.725、羊χ2趋势 = 392.069,均P < 0.05)。啮齿类动物多房棘球蚴感染率为0.19%(29/15 125),其中2020年、2021年和2025年未检出阳性鼠,2022—2024年疫情出现反弹(χ2趋势 = 20.880,P < 0.05)。人群不愿意接受治疗率2025年较2016年下降了4.77个百分点,药物治疗治愈及好转率2025年较2016年上升了15.42个百分点,手术治疗复发率10年下降了12.82个百分点。人群知识知晓率从2016年的56.04%(5 506/9 825)提升到2025年86.49%(5 642/6 523)。结论 2016—2025年,宁夏棘球蚴病综合防治成效显著,但传播循环链依然存在,病人治愈率不高。今后防控工作重点应该放在有效阻断传播链,精准救治患者等方面。

关键词: 棘球蚴病, 综合防治, 防控对策, 宁夏

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated echinococcosis control programmes in Ningxia, so as to provide insights into formulation of echinococcosis control measures. Methods Village-wide screening of human echinococcosis was performed in human screening points with a previous report of echinococcosis cases or positive Echinococcus coproantigens in domestic dogs from 19 cystic echinococcosis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Ningxia from 2016 to 2025, and permanent residents at ages of 3 years and older received abdominal ultrasound scans for screening of echinococcosis. Fifty domestic dogs were sampled in each village (community), and the prevalence of Echinococcus coproantigens was detected using ELISA. One thousand sheep or 500 cattle at ages of one year and older from slaughterhouses were sampled for detection of Echinococcus infections in the visceras and the prevalence of Echinococcus infection was calculated in cattle and sheep. Four hundred mouse traps were deployed around three alveolar echinococcosis-endemic areas, and the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in the visceras was calculated in small rodents. Medical records were established for echinococcosis patients, and the efficacy of chemotherapeutic and surgical treatments was assessed. In addition, the awareness of human echinococcosis control knowledge was surveyed. Results The detection rate of cystic echinococcosis reduced from 1.60‰ (133/83 240) in 2016 to 0.36‰ (35/98 263) in 2025 (χ2trend = 265.704, P < 0.05), and the detection rate of alveolar echinococcosis decreased from 0.20‰ (17/83 240) in 2016 to 0.01‰ (1/98 263) (χ2trend = 45.581, P < 0.05). The overall prevalence of Echinococcus coproantigens decreased from 3.47% (547/15 776) in 2016 to 0.35% (50/14 290) in 2025 in domestic dogs (χ2trend = 1 119.418, P < 0.05); however, there was a mild rebound in the prevalence in 2022 (0.75%, 106/14 173) and 2023 (0.76%, 167/21 916). The prevalence of Echinococcus infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in cattle (χ2trend = 44.725, P < 0.05) and sheep (χ2trend = 392.069, P < 0.05), with no infections detected in cattle in 2019, 2024 or 2025, and a reduction in the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in sheep by 1% in 2025 (1.07%, 78/7 291) relative to in 2016 (0.07%, 6/9 218). The prevalence of E. multilocularis infection was 0.19% (29/15 125) in rodents, with no infection detected in mice in 2020, 2021 or 2025; however, the prevalence rebounded from 2022 to 2024 (χ2trend = 20.880, P < 0.05). The proportion of humans that were unwilling to receive treatments reduced by 4.77% in 2025 relative to in 2016, and the percentage of cure and improvements by chemical treatment increased by 15.42% in 2025 as compared by in 2016, while the recurrence rate of echinococcosis following surgical treatments reduced by 12.82% during the 10-year period. In addition, the awareness of human echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 56.04% (5 506/9 825) in 2016 to 86.49% (5 642/6 523) in 2025. Conclusion The integrated echinococcosis control programmes had achieved remarkable effectiveness in Ningxia from 2016 to 2025; however, the transmission cycle remains, and the cure rate of echinococcosis patients remains low. Future control efforts should focus on effective interruption of the transmission chain and precise medical cure of echinococcosis patients.

Key words: Echinococcosis, Integrated control, Control measures, Ningxia

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