中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2005, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 7-414.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

通过数学模型预测和评价血吸虫病控制措施效应的理论探讨

吴开琛*   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,上海 200025
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2005-12-30 发布日期:2005-12-30

Mathematical Model in Prediction and Evaluation of theEffects on Control Measures for Schistosomiasis

WU Kai-chen*   

  1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2005-12-30 Published:2005-12-30

摘要: 目的 通过数学模型对日本血吸虫病控制规律的理论探讨,试图为我国血吸虫病的防治提供理论参考。 方法 应用Barbour血吸虫病双宿主模型,以20世纪50年代上海郊区血吸虫病流行水平高低不同的两个自然村为研究对象,通过计算机模拟,预测和比较有关控制措施的效应。 结果 在患病率较高时,人牛同步化疗可迅速降低各项疾病指标。化学灭螺可增强化疗的效果。环境灭螺可获得持久降低人和牛宿主的基本繁殖率和平衡患病率,甚至阻断传播的良好效果。抗血吸虫产卵力的牛疫苗具有巩固人牛化疗效果的作用。在不进行灭螺的情况下,人牛化疗合并人的行为干预和牛接种疫苗,同样可获得很好的控制传播效果。在传播速率、基本繁殖率和流行水平较低的地区,各项控制措施效果较上述3项指标高的地区好得多,控制也容易得多。 结论 借助Barbour 血吸虫病传播数学模型能够粗略地评价和比较控制措施的效应。

关键词: 日本血吸虫病, 数学模型, 评价, 防治效应

Abstract: Objective To carry out a theoretical research on the rule that a mathematical model may play on predicting and evaluating the control effect of schistosomiasis japonica. Methods Barbour's two-host model was used to predict and evaluate the effect of different control measures by computer simulation. Pilot samples in two villages of Shanghai suburb in 1950s were applied for the analysis. Results When the prevalence was high, synchronous chemotherapy for human and cattle populations quickly reduced the indices of the infection. Mollusciciding provided positive impact on the effect of chemotherapy. Added with the environmental measures for snail control,the basic reproductive rate (BRR) and equilibrium prevalence in human and bovines were sustainably reduced and even reached an interruption of transmission. The effect of chemotherapy could be consolidated by the anti-fecundity vaccine for bovines. Satisfied control effect could also be obtained by chemotherapy in human and bovines combined with behaviour intervention for human and vaccination for bovines without snail control. In areas with lower levels of transmission velocity,BRR and prevalence,the effect of various interventions was better than that obtained in areas with higher levels of the above three infection indices,and the disease control could be easier. Conclusion The Barbour's mathematical model can be used to roughly predict and evaluate the effects of schistosomiasis control measures.

Key words: Schistosomiasis japonica, Mathematical model, Evaluation, Control effect