蚤亚科线粒体基因组研究进展

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2024.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蚤亚科（Pulicinae）隶属于蚤目（Siphonaptera）蚤总科（Pulicoidea）蚤科（Pulicidae）, 是啮齿动物和猫犬常见的嗜血性体外寄生虫。已测定的蚤亚科共3属5种（猫栉首蚤、犬栉首蚤、东洋栉首蚤、印鼠客蚤和人蚤），其线粒体基因组的结构特征和变异情况具有以下特点：线粒体基因组保留了节肢动物典型的排列模式，未发生基因缺失、增加和重排现象；AT含量较高，且AT-偏斜和GC-偏斜均为负值，与大多数全变态类昆虫一样，密码子使用度具有明显的偏好性；人蚤的丝氨酸转运RNA（trnS₁）呈典型的三叶草结构，其余物种与后生动物一样trnS₁缺失D-臂，且5种蚤亚科物种的trnS₁以UCU为反密码子代替了常见的GCU；蚤亚科控制区偏大，最大可达7 kb以上，主要以二核苷酸重复为主，NADH脱氢酶亚基4（nad4）~nad4L之间存在7 bp的保守重叠区，与多数全变态类昆虫一致。本文以期对今后蚤亚科在全变态类昆虫中的演化提供参考。

关键词: 蚤亚科, 线粒体基因组, 系统发育, 分子进化

Abstract:

Pulicinae belongs to Siphonaptera, Pulicoidea, Pulicidae, are common haematophagous ectoparasites in rodents, cats and dogs. A total of 3 genera and 5 species (Ctenocephalides felis, C. canis, C. orientis, Xenopsylla cheopis and Pulex irritans) have been determined. The structural characteristics and polymorphisms of the mitogenome have the following characteristics: the mitogenome retains the typical arrangement of the arthropod ancestor without gene deletions, additions, or rearrangements; higher AT content and both AT-skewness and GC-skewness were negative. The preferred codon usage is similar to most holometabolous insects. The tRNA-Ser (trnS1) gene of P. irritans shows a typical cloverleaf structure, and the other species have the same trnS1 but lacks the D-arm with the metazoan animals. The trnS1 of 5 species within the Pulicinae subfamily replaced the common GCU with UCU as the anticodon.The control region of the Pulicinae subfamily is relatively large with up to more than 7 kb in length and are mainly dinucleotide repeats. Similar to most holometabolous insects, there is a 7 bp conserved overlapping region between NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4) and nad4L. This article aims to provide reference for the evolution of the flea subfamily in holometamorphosis insects in the future.

Key words: Pulicinae, Mitochondrial genome, Phylogenetic, Molecular evolution

中图分类号:

R384.33

林小霞, 董文鸽. 蚤亚科线粒体基因组研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(3): 389-398.

LIN Xiaoxia, DONG Wenge. Research advances on Pulicinae mitochondrial genomes[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2024, 42(3): 389-398.

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亚科	属	种	序列长度/bp	参考文献
蚤亚科（Pulicinae）	栉首蚤属（Ctenocephalides）	猫栉首蚤（C. felis）	20 873	[15]
		犬栉首蚤（C. canis）	15 609	[16]
		东洋栉首蚤（C. orientis）	22 189	无
	客蚤属（Xenopsylla）	印鼠客蚤（X. cheopis）	18 902	[17]
	蚤属（Pulex）	人蚤（P. irritans）	20 337	[16]

区域	特点	猫栉首蚤	犬栉首蚤	东洋栉首蚤	印鼠客蚤	人蚤
Mt-total	AT含量/%	83.1	78.5	83.2	82.8	80.0
	AT-偏斜	-0.044	-0.017	-0.051	-0.01	-0.027
	GC-偏斜	-0.23	-0.182	-0.258	-0.221	-0.146
PCG	AT含量/%	80.2	79.2	80.0	80.3	78.0
	AT-偏斜	-0.143	-0.147	-0.137	-0.119	-0.146
	GC-偏斜	0.043	0.04	0.01	0.039	0.039
PCG-1st	AT含量/%	75.4	75.2	75.3	75.6	72.5
	AT-偏斜	-0.032	-0.032	-0.022	0.008	-0.035
	GC-偏斜	0.202	0.196	0.188	0.207	0.231
PCG-2st	AT含量/%	70.7	70.5	70.5	72.0	69.6
	AT-偏斜	-0.39	-0.392	-0.395	-0.365	-0.402
	GC-偏斜	-0.07	-0.071	-0.069	-0.07	-0.089
PCG-3st	AT含量/%	94.4	92.0	94.2	93.3	92.1
	AT-偏斜	-0.047	-0.052	-0.036	-0.033	-0.04
	GC-偏斜	-0.063	-0.037	-0.352	-0.121	-0.136

物种	Poly-T延伸	Poly-A延伸
猫栉首蚤	TTTTTATTTTTTTTT（15 bp）	AAAAAA（6 bp）
东洋栉首蚤	TTTATTTTTTTTT（13 bp）	AAAAAA（6 bp）
印鼠客蚤	TTTTTTTT（8 bp）	AAAAATAAA（9 bp）
人蚤	TTTTTTTTTTT（11 bp）	AAAT（4 bp）