湄公血吸虫病流行概况及消除面临的挑战

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湄公血吸虫病自发现以来就成为东南亚的重大公共卫生问题,老挝和柬埔寨两国经过多年防控使其得到了稳步控制,但距离消除血吸虫病的目标还有众多挑战和困难。随着我国“一带一路”倡议的稳步推进,增加和扩大了我国湄公血吸虫病境外输入和境外感染的风险。本文对湄公血吸虫病的防控措施、目前面临的问题等进行综述,分析该病是否对我国和“一带一路”的推进存在危害,为今后的南南合作和血吸虫病消除提供参考。

关键词: 湄公血吸虫病, 老挝, 柬埔寨, 消除

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis mekongi has been a major public health problem in Southeast Asia since its discovery. Although Laos and Cambodia have achieved steady control of schistosomiasis mekongi through continuous prevention and control measures, there are still many challenges and difficulties that hinder the march towards elimination. In addition, with the gradual progression of “the Belt and Road” initiative, there has been an increased risk of schistosomiasis mekongi infection in China, either by case import or via contracting infection among Chinese visitors in those countries. This review summarizes the prevention and control measures and current problems in controlling schistosomiasis mekongi, and discusses the possible negative impact of the disease to China and “the Belt and Road” initiative, in order to provide referential information for future south-south cooperation and elimination of schistosomiasis.

Key words: Schistosomiasis mekongi, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Cambodia, Elimination

中图分类号:

R532.21

王丽萍, 秦志强, 吕山, 李石柱, 周晓农, 许静. 湄公血吸虫病流行概况及消除面临的挑战[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(6): 758-763.

WANG Li-ping, QIN Zhi-qiang, LV Shan, LI Shi-zhu, ZHOU Xiao-nong, XU Jing. Prevalence and challenges in elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2020, 38(6): 758-763.

参考文献 64

[1]	Agrawal MC, Rao VG. Some facts on south Asian schistosomiasis and need for international collaboration[J]. Acta Trop, 2018,180:76-80. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.022 pmid: 29273443
[2]	Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J]. Lancet, 2012,380(9859):2197-2223. pmid: 23245608
[3]	Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, et al. Human schistosomiasis[J]. Lancet, 2014,383(9936):2253-2264.
[4]	Leshem E, Meltzer E, Marva E, et al. Travel-related schistosomiasis acquired in Laos[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2009,15(11):1823-1826.
[5]	Zhou XN, Li SZ. Strategy for the South-South cooperation on schistosomiasis control under the Belt and Road Initiative[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2020,32(1):1-6. (in Chinese)
	( 周晓农, 李石柱. “一带一路”倡议下血吸虫病防控南南合作的战略思考[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2020,32(1):1-6.)
[6]	Guan Z, Lv S, Li SZ, et al. Endemic status of schistosomiasis in floating population and challenges in schistosomiasis control in China[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2017,35(6):598-603. (in Chinese)
	( 关周, 吕山, 李石柱, 等. 我国流动人口血吸虫病流行现状及防控挑战[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2017,35(6):598-603.)
[7]	Muth S, Sayasone S, Odermatt-Biays S, et al. Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia and Lao People’s Democratic Republic[M] //Zhou X, Bergquist R, Olveda R, et al. Advances in Parasitology. Academic Press, 2010: 179-203.
[8]	Dupont V, Bernard E, Soubrane J, et al. Hepatosplenic form of bilharziasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum manifested by severe hematemesis[J]. Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris, 1957,73(27/28):933-941.
[9]	Barbier M. Determination of aocus of arteriovenous bilharziosiin southern Laos (Sithadone Province)[J]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales, 1966,59(6):4-83.
[10]	Schneider CR, Kitikoon V, Sornmani S, et al. Mekong schistosomiasis. Ⅲ: a parasitological survey of domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) on Khong island, Laos[J]. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1975,69(2):227-232.
[11]	Harinasuta C. Epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia[J]. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1984,15(4):431-438.
[12]	Kitikoon V. Comparison of eggs and miracidia of Schistosoma mekongi and S. japonicum[J]. Malacol Rev, 1980: 93-103.
[13]	Voge M, Price Z, Bruckner DA. Changes in tegumental surface of Schistosoma mekongi Voge, Bruckner, and Bruce 1978, in the mammalian host[J]. J Parasitol, 1978,64(5):944-947. pmid: 722467
[14]	Gordon CA, Kurscheid J, Williams GM, et al. Asian schistosomiasis: current status and prospects for control leading to elimination[J]. Trop Med Infect Dis, 2019,4(1):40.
[15]	Davis GM, Kitikoon V, Temcharoen P. Monograph on “Lithoglyphopsis” aperta, the snail host of mekong river schistosomiasis[J]. Malacologia, 1976,15(2):241-287.
[16]	Attwood SW, Upatham ES. Observations on Neotricula aperta (Gastropoda:Pomatiopsidae) population densities in Thailand and central Laos: implications for the spread of Mekong schistosomiasis[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2012,5:126.
[17]	Attwood SW, Upatham ES. A population growth trend analysis for Neotricula aperta, the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma mekongi, after construction of the pak-mun dam[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013,7(11):e2539.
[18]	Sornmani S, Schneider CR, Kitikoon V. Life cycle of Schistosoma japonicum-like trematode from Khong Island Southern Laos[J]. Se Asian J Trop Med, 1973,4(2):279.
[19]	Attwood SW, Kitikoon V, Southgate VR. Infectivity of a Cambodian isolate of Schistosoma mekongi to Neotricula aperta from northeast Thailand[J]. J Helminthol, 1997,71(3):183-187.
[20]	Attwood SW, Liu L, Huo GN. Population genetic structure and geographical variation in Neotricula Aperta (Gastropoda:Pomatiopsidae), the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma mekongi (Digenea:Schistosomatidae)[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2019,13(1):e0007061. pmid: 30689628
[21]	Wang C, Saijuntha W, Kirinoki M, et al. Molecular characterization of sympatrically distributed Neotricula aperta-like snails in the mekong river, kratie, Cambodia[J]. Mitochondrial DNA, 2016,27(2):1038-1041.
[22]	Taguchi T. Mekong schistosomiasis intermediate host Neatricula aperta 3 subspecies (alpha, beta, gamma) difference between sex chromosomes[J]. Foreign Med Sci, 2002,39(3):144-145. (in Chinese)
	( Taguchi T. 湄公血吸虫中间宿主Neatricula aperta 3个亚种(α, β, γ) 性染色体的区别[J]. 国外医学, 2002,39(3):144-145.)
[23]	Matsumoto J, Muth S, Socheat D, et al. The first reported cases of canine schistosomiasis mekongi in Cambodia[J]. Se Asian J Trop Med, 2002,33(3):458-461.
[24]	Strandgaard H, Johansen MV, Pholsena K, et al. The pig as a host for Schistosoma mekongi in Laos[J]. J Parasitol, 2001,87(3):708-709.
[25]	Hirose Y, Matsumoto J, Kirinoki M, et al. Schistosoma mekongi and Schistosoma japonicum: differences in the distribution of eggs in the viscera of mice[J]. Parasitol Int, 2007,56(3):239-241. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2007.03.004 pmid: 17521955
[26]	Amano T, Oshima T. A quantitative study of Schistosoma japonicum egg production in ddY mice[J]. Jpn Parasitol, 1987,36(6):383-389.
[27]	Thiangtrongjit T, Adisakwattana P, Limpanont Y, et al. Proteomic and immunomic analysis of Schistosoma mekongi egg proteins[J]. Exp Parasitol, 2018,191:88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.07.002 pmid: 30009810
[28]	Ohmae H, Sinuon M, Kirinoki M, et al. Schistosomiasis mekongi: from discovery to control[J]. Parasitol Int, 2004,53(2):135-142. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2004.01.004 pmid: 15081945
[29]	Elbaz T, Esmat G. Hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis: review[J]. J Adv Res, 2013,4(5):445-452. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2012.12.001 pmid: 25685451
[30]	Gray DJ, Ross AG, Li YS, et al. Diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis[J]. BMJ, 2011,342:d2651.
[31]	Shimada M, Kirinoki M, Shimizu K, et al. Characteristics of granuloma formation and liver fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis mekongi: a morphological comparison between Schistosoma mekongi and S. japonicum infection[J]. Parasitology, 2010,137(12):1781-1789. pmid: 20561395
[32]	Attwood SW. Studies on the parasitology, phylogeography and the evolution of host-parasite interactions for the snail intermediate hosts of medically important trematode genera in Southeast Asia[J]. Adv Parasitol, 2010,73:405-440. doi: 10.1016/S0065-308X(10)73013-X pmid: 20627149
[33]	Urbani C, Sinoun M, Socheat D, et al. Epidemiology and control of mekongi schistosomiasis[J]. Acta Trop, 2002,82(2):157-168. pmid: 12020888
[34]	Biays S, Stich AH, Odermatt P, et al. A foci of schistosomiasis mekongi rediscovered in Northeast Cambodia: cultural perception of the illness; description and clinical observation of 20 severe cases[J]. Trop Med Int Health, 1999,4(10):662-673. pmid: 10583900
[35]	Jolly M, Bazillio R, Audebaud G, et al. Existence of a focus of human bilharziosis, in Cambodia in Kratie area. Ⅱ. Epidemiologic survey. Preliminary results[J]. Med Trop (Mars), 1970,30(4):462-471.
[36]	Attwood SW, Campbell I, Upatham ES, et al. Schistosomes in the Xe Kong river of Cambodia: The detection of Schistosoma mekongi in a natural population of snails and observations on the intermediate host’s distribution[J]. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 2004,98(3):221-230. doi: 10.1179/000349804225003325 pmid: 15119968
[37]	Fukuhara K, Phompida S, Insisiengmay S, et al. Analysis of the effectiveness of control measures against Schistosoma mekongi using an intra-and inter-village model in Champasak Province, Lao PDR[J]. Parasitol Int, 2011,60(4):452-459.
[38]	Ishikawa H, Ohmae H. Modeling the dynamics and control of transmission of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mekongi in Southeast Asia[J]. Korean J Parasitol, 2009,47(1):1. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.1.1 pmid: 19290084
[39]	Hisakane N, Kirinoki M, Chigusa Y, et al. The evaluation of control measures against Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia by a mathematical model[J]. Parasitol Int, 2008,57(3):379-385. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2008.03.003 pmid: 18486538
[40]	Sayasone S, Mak TK, Vanmany M, et al. Helminth and intestinal protozoa infections, multiparasitism and risk factors in Champasack Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2011,5(4):e1037. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001037 pmid: 21532735
[41]	Vonghachack Y, Odermatt P, Taisayyavong K, et al. Transmission of Opisthorchis viverrini, Schistosoma mekongi and soil-transmitted helminthes on the Mekong Islands, southern Lao pdr[J]. Infect Dis Poverty, 2017,6(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s40249-017-0343-x
[42]	Phongluxa K, van Eeuwijk P, Soukhathammavong PA, et al. Perceived illness drives participation in mass deworming campaigns in Laos[J]. Acta Trop, 2015,141:281-288. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.03.022 pmid: 24713201
[43]	Khieu V, Sayasone S, Muth S, et al. Elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi from endemic areas in Cambodia and the Lao People’s democratic republic: current status and plans[J]. Tropical Med, 2019,4(1):30.
[44]	World Health Organization. The control of schistosomiasis [R]. Geneva: WHO, 1993.
[45]	World Health Organization. Report on Schistosoma mekongi paratological surveillance from village sentinel sites(2016-2018) [R]. Geneva: WHO, 2018.
[46]	World Health Organization. WHO report on mass drug administration to control of Schistosomiasis in Lao People’s Democratic Republic 2018[EB/OL]. (2018-12-11)[2020-04-10]. https://www.who.int/neglected-diseases/preventive_chemotherapy/sch/en/, 2020.
[47]	World Health Organization. Water safety planning will contribute to the elimination of Schistosomiasis Worms and Improve Nutrition via a Community-Led Approach in the Province of Champassak[EB/OL]. (2016-05-24)[2020-04-10]. http://www.wpro.who.int/laos/mediacentre/releases/2016/20160524-lao-cl-swash-water-safety/en/,2020.
[48]	Audebaud G, Tournier-Lasserve C, Brumpt V, et al. 1st case of human schistosomiasis observed in Cambodia (Kratie area)[J]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales, 1968,61(5):778-784. pmid: 5757298
[49]	Attwood SW. Schistosomiasis in the Mekong region: epidemiology and phylogeography[J]. Adv Parasitol, 2001,50:87-152. doi: 10.1016/s0065-308x(01)50030-5 pmid: 11757333
[50]	Sinuon M, Tsuyuoka R, Socheat D, et al. Control of Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia: results of eight years of control activities in the two endemic provinces[J]. Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2007,101(1):34-39.
[51]	Abe EM, Tambo E, Xue JB, et al. Approaches in scaling up schistosomiasis intervention towards transmission elimination in Africa: leveraging from the Chinese experience and lessons[J]. Acta Trop, 2020,208:105379. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105379 pmid: 32006521
[52]	Wu JY, Zhou YB, Chen Y, et al. Three gorges dam: impact of water level changes on the density of schistosome-transmitting snail Oncomelania hupensis in dongting lake area, China[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2015,9(6):e0003882. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003882 pmid: 26114956
[53]	Bergquist R, Johansen MV, Utzinger J. Diagnostic dilemmas in helminthology: what tools to use and when?[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2009,25(4):151-156. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2009.01.004 pmid: 19269899
[54]	Li T, Yang K. Application of isothermal amplification technology for pathogen detection in parasitic and other diseases[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2018,30(2):232-236. (in Chinese)
	( 李婷, 杨坤. 等温扩增技术在寄生虫及其他病原体检测中的应用[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2018,30(2):232-236.)
[55]	Habtamu K, Degarege A, Ye-Ebiyo Y, et al. Comparison of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections[J]. Parasitol Int, 2011,60(4):398-402. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.020
[56]	Gordon CA, Acosta LP, Gray DJ, et al. High prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in carabao from Samar Province, the Philippines: implications for transmission and control[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2012,6(9):e1778. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001778 pmid: 23029571
[57]	Lier T, Vennervald BJ, Wang TP, et al. Real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of low-intensity Schistosoma japonicum infections in China[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2009,81(3):428-432. pmid: 19706908
[58]	Xu J, Rong R, Zhang HQ, et al. Sensitive and rapid detection of Schistosoma japonicum DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)[J]. Int J Parasitol, 2010,40(3):327-331. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.08.010
[59]	Jin SG, Jiang T, Ma JQ. Brief introduction of Chinese infectious disease detection report information system[J]. Chin Digit Med, 2006,1(1):20-22. (in Chinese)
	( 金水高, 姜韬, 马家奇. 中国传染病监测报告信息系统简介[J]. 中国数字医学, 2006,1(1):20-22.)
[60]	World Health Organization. WHO: accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: a roadmap for implementation [EB/OL]. (2012-09-27)[2020-04-10]. http://www.emro.who.int/neglected-tropical-diseases/ntd-infocus/ntd-roadmap.html, 2020.
[61]	WPRO. Regional action plan for neglected tropical diseases in the Western Pacific(2012-2016)[EB/OL]. (2012-09-27)[2020-04-10]. http://www.wpro.who.int/mvp/documents/ntd_rap_2012_ 2016/en/, 2020.
[62]	Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The WHO consultation meeting on accelerating the elimination of Schistosomiasis in Asia in the Western Pacific region was held in Shanghai[EB/OL]. (2017-05-27)[2020-04-10]. http://www.chinacdc.cn/gsywlswxx_9474/jscbs/201705/t20170527_143569.html, 2020.(in Chinese)
	( 中国疾病预防控制中心.世界卫生组织西太区加速消除亚洲血吸虫病专家咨询会在上海召开[EB/OL]. http://www.chinacdc.cn/gsywlswxx_9474/jscbs/201705/t20170527_143569.html, 2020
[63]	Zhu YC, Socheat D, Bounlu K, et al. Application of dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA) kit for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mekongi[J]. Acta Trop, 2005,96(2/3):137-141. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.07.008
[64]	Zhang LJ, Xu J, Lv S, et al. Development and role of regional network for Asian schistosomiasis and other helminth zoonoses[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2018,30(1):5-8. (in Chinese)
	( 张利娟, 许静, 吕山, 等. 亚洲血吸虫病及其他人畜共患病区域网络(RNAS+)的发展与作用[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2018,30(1):5-8.)