2019年全国疟疾疫情特征分析及消除工作进展

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

收集整理寄生虫病防治信息管理系统中2019年全国31个省（市、区,未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区）疟疾疫情资料,对疟疾疫情特征和消除工作进展等进行统计分析。2019年全国779个机构累计报告疟疾病例2 674例,较2018年（2 678例）减少了4例;其中境外输入性病例2 673例,三日疟长潜伏期病例1例,无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告;中国籍2 487例（93.0%,2 487/2 674）,外国籍187例（3.0%,187/2 674）;男女性别比为14.9 ∶ 1,主要集中在30~49岁年龄组（60.3%,1 613/2 674）;间日疟289例（10.8%,289/2 674）,恶性疟1 950例（72.9%,1 950/2 674）,三日疟97例（3.6%,97/2 674）,卵形疟298例（11.1%,298/2 674）,混合感染35例（1.3%,35/2 674）;临床诊断病例5例（0.2%,5/2 674）。29个省（市、区）有病例报告,报告病例数位居前5位的省份依次为江苏（9.1%,244/2 674）、山东（8.5%,228/2 674）、河南（8.5%,227/2 674）、广东（7.7%,206/2 674）和四川（7.4%,199/2 674）,其中4个边境省份（云南、广西、辽宁和新疆）共报告疟疾病例433例（16.2%,433/2 674）。11个省（市、区）共报告疟疾死亡病例19例（0.3%,19/2 674）,较2018年的7例（0.3%,9/2 678）上升了171.4%。所有病例均在24 h内完成上报,3 d内流行病学个案调查完成率为97.9%（2 619/2 674）,7 d内调查并处置疫点2 326个。我国已连续3年无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告,今后应继续加强输入性疟疾和边境疟疾的监测和管理,防止疟疾输入再传播发生,减少疟疾死亡风险,巩固消除疟疾成果。

关键词: 中国, 疟疾, 消除, 疫情

Abstract:

Malaria epidemic data from 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (Taiwan region, Hong Kong and Macao not included) of China in 2019 were collected through the Malaria-specific Reporting System in the Information Network for Parasitic Diseases Control. The epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination were analyzed. In 2019, a total of 2 674 malaria cases were reported from 779 institutions in China, being 4 cases less than that reported in 2018(2 678 cases); 2 673 cases were reported as imported cases, and 1 case was malariae malaria with a long incubation. No indigenous cases were reported. The total reported cases included 2 487 Chinese cases (93.0%, 2 487/2 674) and 187 cases of foreign nationality (3.0%, 187/2 674); with a male-to-female ratio of 14.9 : 1, and a age distribution of mostly at 30-49 years (60.3%, 1 613/2 674). The reported cases comprised vivax malaria (10.8%, 289/2 674), falciparum malaria (72.9%, 1 950/2 674), malariae malaria (3.6%, 97/2 674), ovale malaria (11.1%, 298/2 674), mixed infections (1.3%, 35/2 674) and clinically diagnosed cases (0.2%, 5/2 674). The cases were reported from 29 provinces, with the top 5 provinces being Jiangsu (9.1%, 244/2 674), Shandong (8.5%, 228/2 674), Henan (8.5%, 227/2 674), Guangdong (7.7%, 206/2 674) and Sichuan (7.4%, 199/2 674), among them, 433 cases (16.2%, 433/2 674) were reported from 4 border provinces (Yunnan, Guangxi, Liaoning, Xinjiang). Totally 19 deaths (0.3%, 19/2 674) were reported from 11 provinces, increased by 171.4% compared to the 7 deaths in 2018. The 1-3-7 approach was implemented nationwide with good performance: all cases were reported within 24 hours after diagnosis, 97.9% (2 619/2 674) of them were investigated on epidemiology within 3 days, and 2 326 foci were identified, investigated and responded to within 7 days. In conclusion, no indigenous malaria cases have been reported since 2017, more efforts should be made to continuously strengthen surveillance and management for imported malaria and border malaria, thus to prevent from re-transmission, reduce the risk of death and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination in the country.

Key words: China, Malaria, Elimination, Epidemiological characteristics

中图分类号:

R531.3

张丽, 丰俊, 夏志贵, 周水森. 2019年全国疟疾疫情特征分析及消除工作进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(2): 133-138.

Li ZHANG, Jun FENG, Zhi-gui XIA, Shui-sen ZHOU. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination in China in 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2020, 38(2): 133-138.

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参考文献 11

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特征Feature	临床诊断病例 Clinically diagnosed cases	虫种分类Species classification					合计Total
特征Feature	临床诊断病例 Clinically diagnosed cases	间日疟原虫 P. vivax	恶性疟原虫 P. falciparum	三日疟原虫 P. malariae	卵形疟原虫 P. ovale	混合感染Mixed-infection	合计Total
国籍Nationality
中国籍Chinese	5	239	1 822	95	291	35	2 487
外国籍Foreigners	0	50	128	2	7	0	187
病例来源Infection source
境外输入病例Imported cases from abroad	5	289	1 950	96	298	35	2 673
长潜伏期病例Long incubation cases	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
合计Total	5	289	1 950	97	298	35	2 674

地区 District	临床诊断病例Clinically diagnosed cases	虫种分类Species classification					合计Total
地区 District	临床诊断病例Clinically diagnosed cases	间日疟原虫 P. vivax	恶性疟原虫 P. falciparum	卵形疟原虫 P. ovale	三日疟原虫 P. malariae	混合感染Mixed-infection	合计Total
非洲Africa
尼日利亚Nigeria	0	5	279	40	15	3	342
刚果（金） Democratic Republic of the Congo	0	1	288	31	12	3	335
科特迪瓦Cote d′Ivoire	0	1	181	21	2	3	208
几内亚Guinea	0	4	135	25	5	2	171
加纳Ghana	0	2	130	24	0	1	157
其他36个国家Other 36 Countries	5	59	928	151	61	19	1 223
亚洲Asia
缅甸Myanmar	0	171	1	1	0	0	173
巴基斯坦Pakistan	0	20	0	0	0	1	21
韩国South Korea	0	6	0	0	0	0	6
其他7个国家Other 7 Countries	0	10	4	4	1	1	20
南美洲South America
圭亚那Guyana	0	0	1	1	0	2	4
委内瑞拉Venezuela	0	2	0	0	0	0	2
巴西Brazil	0	0	1	0	0	0	1
大洋洲Oceania
巴布亚新几内亚 Papua New Guinea	0	8	2	0	0	0	10
合计 Total	5	289	1 950	298	96	35	2 673

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