江西省信丰县华支睾吸虫感染现状调查

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.05.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据江西省信丰县地理位置和居民生活习惯划分食“鱼生”区和非食“鱼生”区,每个区随机抽取2个乡镇,每个乡镇抽取1个行政村作为调查点,采用改良加藤厚涂片法对受检者进行粪检（一粪二检）,同时对华支睾吸虫病健康知识知晓情况和食“鱼生”行为进行问卷调查。结果显示,2014-2015年共调查1 376人,华支睾吸虫总感染率为11.70%（161/1 376）。其中食“鱼生”区感染率为21.18%（122/576）,高于非食“鱼生”区感染率4.88%（39/800）（P < 0.01）;男性感染率为19.07%（131/687）,高于女性4.35%（30/689）（P < 0.01）;不同年龄组人群感染率以≥70岁及以上年龄组最高,为22.50%（18/80）,感染率随年龄的增长呈上升趋势（P < 0.01）;不同文化程度感染率以大专及以上人群最高,为39.53%（17/43）,感染率随着文化程度的增高而上升（P < 0.01）;不同职业以公职人员感染率最高,为51.02%（25/49）,不同职业人群感染率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。共对283人开展了问卷调查,其中有69.61%（197/283）的调查对象知晓食“鱼生”会感染华支睾吸虫,30.74%（87/283）的调查对象有生食淡水鱼虾行为;食“鱼生”区知晓率（66.00%,72/120）低于非食“鱼生”区（76.69%,125/163）（P < 0.01）,行为率（40.00%,48/120）高于非食“鱼生”区（23.93%,39/163）（P < 0.01）。提示赣州市信丰县为华支睾吸虫病高发区,应积极开展健康教育和全民驱虫综合防控措施,改变村民食“鱼生”的习惯,降低人群华支睾吸虫感染率。

关键词: 华支睾吸虫, 感染率, 信丰县, 现状调查

Abstract:

According to the geographical location and eating habits of residents, Xinfeng County was divided into areas of eating and non-eating raw fish. From each area, two townships were randomly selected, and then one administrative village was selected from each township for conducting the survey. Fecal samples of examinees were examined using the modified Kato thick smear method (two slide-reading/one sample), and questionnaire survey was performed for the residents to collect information on the awareness of clonorchiasis knowledge and the behavior of eating raw freshwater fish. During 2014-2015, a total of 1 376 villagers were investigated, and the total infection rate of C. sinesis was 11.70% (161/1 376). The infection rate in the area of eating raw fish (21.18%, 122/576) was significantly higher than in the area of non-eating raw fish (4.88%, 39/800) (P < 0.01); in males (19.07%, 131/687) than in females (4.35%, 30/689) (P < 0.01). The infection rate was highest at age 70 years and above among all age groups (22.50%, 18/80), and showed a trend of increasing with age (P < 0.01). Among groups of different education levels, the infection rate was highest among people with the education of junior college and higher (39.53%, 17/43), and showed a trend of higher with increased education (P < 0.01). Among different occupations, the public servants had the highest infection rate(51.02%, 25/49), and there was a significant difference among the different occupation groups (P < 0.01). A total of 283 people were surveyed with questionnaire, of them 69.61% (197/283) knew that eating raw fish would cause clonorchiasis, and 30.74% (87/283) of the respondents had the behavior of eating raw freshwater fish and shrimps. The area of eating raw fish had a significantly lower awareness rate (66.00%, 72/120) and a significantly higher behavioral rate (40.00%, 48/120) compared with the area of non-eating raw fish (76.69%, 125/163; 23.93%, 39/1 63). The results suggest that the Xinfeng County of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province is an area with frequent occurrence of clonorchiasis. Health education and comprehensive prevention and control measures of population-based deworming should be actively carried out to change the habits of eating raw fish and reduce the infection rate of C. sinensis among the villagers.

Key words: Clonorchis sinensis, Infection rate, Xinfeng County, Investigation of current status

中图分类号:

R532.23

黄棋, 姜唯声, 严月康, 陈喆, 熊衍峰, 杨玉华, 王寿山. 江西省信丰县华支睾吸虫感染现状调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(5): 670-673.

HUANG Qi, JIANG Wei-sheng, YAN Yue-kang, CHEN Zhe, XIONG Yan-feng, YANG Yu-hua, WANG Shou-shan. Investigation on the status of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2020, 38(5): 670-673.

图/表 2

表1

表2

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特征	检查人数	感染人数	感染率/%
乡(镇)
大塘埠	295	45	15.25
小河	281	77	27.40
安西	297	2	0.67
古陂	503	37	7.36
分区
食“鱼生”区	576	122	21.18
非食“鱼生”区	800	39	4.88
性别
男	687	131	19.07
女	689	30	4.35
年龄/岁
3~19	416	1	0.24
20~29	104	12	11.54
30~39	131	29	22.14
40~49	249	35	14.06
50~59	209	36	17.22
60~69	187	30	16.04
≥ 70	80	18	22.50
文化程度
小学及以下	747	50	6.69
初中	515	74	14.37
高中、中专	71	20	28.17
大专、大学以上	43	17	39.53
职业
工人	14	3	21.43
农民	828	115	13.89
商人	35	10	28.57
公职人员	49	25	51.02
学生	306	4	1.31
其他	144	4	2.78
合计	1 376	161	11.7

变量	检查人数	知道华支睾吸虫病是食生鱼片感染的人数	有生食淡水鱼虾行为人数	知晓率/%	行为率/%
乡（镇）
大塘埠	60	50	41	83.33	68.33
小河	60	22	7	36.67	11.67
安西	60	28	13	46.67	21.67
古陂	103	97	26	94.17	25.24
分区
食“鱼生”区	120	72	48	60.00	40.00
非食“鱼生”区	163	125	39	76.69	23.93
合计	283	197	87	69.61	30.74

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