2016—2020年福建省浦城县华支睾吸虫病国家监测点人群感染情况分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.05.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2016—2020年根据《全国肝吸虫病和土源性线虫病监测方案》要求,将浦城县按地理方位划分东、南、西、北、中等5个片区,每个片区随机抽取1个乡镇的1个村作为人群华支睾吸虫感染情况的国家监测点。每个村随机调查200人以上,采集人群粪样采用改良加藤厚涂片法检测华支睾吸虫虫卵（一粪二检）;根据村庄鱼塘溪渠分布情况,每年度采集各类淡水鱼类100尾,采用压片镜检法检测鱼鳃、鱼鳍及尾鳍部肌肉的华支睾吸虫囊蚴;各年度收集野外犬、猫粪样共25份,以水洗沉淀法检测华支睾吸虫虫卵;在监测点受检人群中随机抽查150人以上进行华支睾吸虫病防治知识、态度和行为等内容的问卷调查。2016—2020年共调查5 553人,吸虫总感染率为0.79%（44/5 553）。各年度感染率分别为0.60%、1.02%、1.16%、0.97%和0.24%。其中,水洗沉淀检出华支睾吸虫感染者26人,感染率为0.47%（26/5 553）;检出东方次睾吸虫感染者18人,感染率为0.32%（18/5 553）。检测3种淡水鱼类共639尾,感染囊蚴鱼类472尾,感染率为73.86%。其中,麦穗鱼的感染率2016年最高,达97.33%（73/75）。检测野外动物粪样共129份,检出华支睾吸虫卵5份,东方次睾吸虫卵2份,检出率分别为3.88%和1.55%。居民有效问卷共752份,总知晓率为37.10%（279/752）。男性与女性知晓率差异无统计学意义（χ² = 0.73,P > 0.05）。浦城县人群华支睾吸虫感染率低,居民对华支睾吸虫病知识的知晓率低。当地淡水鱼类特别是麦穗鱼的囊蚴感染率较高,应加强宣传教育与防治工作。

关键词: 华支睾吸虫, 东方次睾吸虫, 调查分析, 浦城县

Abstract:

Pucheng County was divided into 5 areas according to geographical location for the study based on the National Surveillance Plan on Chlonorcihasis and Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis; in each designated area, one village was selected from a township to serve as the surveillance site in 2016—2020. In each village, more than 200 permanent residents were randomly sampled for fecal examination with modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (duplicate slide-reading/one sample) to estimate the status of Clonorchis sinensis infection. Each year, 100 freshwater fish in each village were collected from natural water bodies such as fish ponds and streams, and C. sinensis metacercaria infection was detected through crushing microscopy. Twenty-five fecal samples from cats and dogs were collected from each village, and C. sinensis eggs in the feces were examined with the washing sedimentation method. In addition, at least 150 residents were randomly selected for questionnaire of their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding clonorchiasis. A total of 5 553 residents were examined, and found an overall infection rate of 0.79% during 2016—2020. The infection rates from 2016 to 2020 were 0.6%, 1.02%, 1.16%, and 0.24%, respectively. In addition, C. sinensis infection was detected using washing and sedimentation method in 26 residents, with an infection rate of 0.47% (26/5 553); Metorchis orientalis infection was detected in 18 residents, with an infection rate of 0.32%. A total of 639 freshwater fish of 3 species were examined, and recorded 472 positives, with an infection rate 73.86%. Among the positives, the infection rate of Pseudorasbora parva reached highest (97.33%) in 2016. Examination for 129 feces samples of wild animals were conducted, and found 5 C. sinensis egg positive, and 2 Metorchis orientalis egg positive, with the infection rate of 3.88% and 1.55% respectively. From the questionnaire survey in residents, 752 valid responders were obtained, showing an overall awareness rate 37.10% (279/752). No significant difference was observed in the awareness rate between males and females (χ² = 0.99, P > 0.05). The infection rate of clonorchiasis sinensis knowledge was low in Pucheng County, and the residents had low awareness rate of C. sinensis. A high infection rate of metacercaria was found in freshwater fish, especially P. parva. Health education and control measures should be strengthened.

Key words: Clonorchis sinensis, Metorchis orientalis, Investigation, Pucheng County

中图分类号:

R532.23

陈宝建, 谢汉国, 谢贤良, 江典伟, 陈云虹, 高澜琳. 2016—2020年福建省浦城县华支睾吸虫病国家监测点人群感染情况分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(5): 716-719.

CHEN Bao-jian, XIE Han-guo, XIE Xian-liang, JIANG Dian-wei, CHEN Yun-hong, GAO Lan-lin. Investigation of Clonorchis sinensis infection in the national surveillance site of Pucheng County, Fujian Province during 2016—2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2021, 39(5): 716-719.

图/表 2

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年份	检查人数	华支睾吸虫		东方次睾吸虫		总感染人数	总感染率/%
年份	检查人数	感染人数	感染率/%	感染人数	感染率/%	总感染人数	总感染率/%
2016	1 000	4	0.40	2	0.20	6	0.60
2017	1 168	5	0.43	7	0.59	12	1.02
2018	1 030	8	0.77	4	0.39	12	1.16
2019	1 144	8	0.58	3	0.39	11	0.97
2020	1 211	1	0.08	2	0.17	3	0.24
合计	5 553	26	0.47	18	0.32	44	0.79

特征	华支睾吸虫		东方次睾吸虫		合计
特征	感染数	感染率/%	感染数	感染率/%	总调查数	总感染数	总感染率/%
性别
男性	13	0.49	11	0.41	2 668	24	0.89
女性	13	0.45	7	0.24	2 885	20	0.69
年龄
< 20	4	0.61	1	0.15	654	5	0.76
21~30	2	2.15	3	3.22	93	5	5.37
31~40	1	0.46	0	0	217	1	0.46
41~50	4	0.67	0	0	597	4	0.67
50~60	10	0.74	9	0.67	1 347	19	1.41
≥ 60	5	0.19	5	0.19	2 645	10	0.38
文化程度
文盲	4	0.37	1	0.09	1 067	5	0.47
小学	12	0.42	10	0.35	2 871	22	0.77
中学	10	0.63	7	0.44	1 582	17	1.07
大学	0	0	0	0	33	0	0
合计	26	0.47	18	0.32	5 553	44	0.79

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