Table of Content

28 February 2016, Volume 34 Issue 1

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Identification and Expression of the yellow Gene Family in Aedes aegypti

YAN Feng, LV Qing-qiao, CHENG Jin-zhi, MOU Xiao-hui, ZHAI Hui, YANG Xun, SHANG Zheng-ling, WU Jia-hong*

2016, 34(1):  1-1-10. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1367KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To identify the yellow family genes in Aedes aegypti and analyze the gene structure, phylogenetic evolution and their expression at various developmental stages and in different tissues. Methods The yellow gene family was identified in Ae. aegypti by blasting the Ae. aegypti genome database with the amino acid sequence of the MRJP domain of Dm-yellow gene of Drosophila melanogaster（GenBank No. AAF45497）. The physico-chemical property and domains were analyzed with the on-line ExPaSy software. The signal peptide was predicted using SignalP4.1 software. Sequence alignment and the phylogenetic tree were made through combined use of DNAstar, MEGA6.0 and GeneDoc. Total RNA was extracted from Ae. aegypti, cDNA was generated, and expression of the yellow family genes at various developmental stages （egg, first to fourth instar, pupa, non-blood-fed female and male mosquitoes） and in different tissues （salivary gland, midgut, fat body, and ovary） was quantified using qRT-PCR. Results Twelve yellow genes were identified from Ae. aegypti genome: Aa-yellow, Aa-yellow-b, Aa-yellow-c, Aa-yellow-d, Aa-yellow-e, Aa-yellow-f2, Aa-yellow-fb, Aa-yellow-fc, Aa-yellow-g, Aa-yellow-g2, Aa-yellow-h, and Aa-yellow-x. Bioinformatics demonstrated that all covered the MRJP domain and a signal peptide sequence. Sequence alignment revealed low （15%-49%） homology among the proteins, but high homology（60%） in the conserved domain. According to the phylogenetic tree analysis, the encoded 12 YELLOW proteins were classified into 5 subfamilies, and 11 had orthologues in D. melanogaster. qRT-PCR revealed high expression of Aa-yellow-d （0.018 9） and Aa-yellow-x （0.023 5） in male Ae. aegypti （P<0.01 or P<0.05）; high expression of Aa-yellow-fc （0.024 8, 0.034 9） in female Ae. aegypti and in the salivary gland （P<0.01）; high expression of Aa-yellow-f2 （0.093 4） in the second instar stage （P<0.01）; high expression of Aa-yellow （0.562 1）, Aa-yellow-e （0.004 4）, and Aa-yellow-fb （0.008 4） in the third instar stage （P<0.05）; and high expression of Aa-yellow （0.569 4）, Aa-yellow-e （0.027 0）, Aa-yellow-f2 （0.006 5）, Aa-yellow-fb （0.001 0）, Aa-yellow-h （0.084 8） and Aa-yellow-x （0.015 1） in the ovary. Genes other than Aa-yellow-c （0.004 0） and Aa-yellow-x （0.007 4） were hardly expressed in the midgut. Conclusion The 12 yellow genes identified in the Ae. aegypti genome have low homology, and are differentially expressed at different developmental stages and in tissues.

Medical Costs on Malaria in Henan Province and Analysis of the Influential Factors

LIU Ying，ZHANG Ya-lan，GAO Li-jun，QIAN Dan，YANG Cheng-yun，ZHOU Rui-min，XU Bian-li，ZHANG Hong-wei*

2016, 34(1):  2-11-17. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (439KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the costs for the diagnosis and treatment of malaria in Henan Province and the influential factors. Methods Malaria cases diagnosed in and reported by medical institutions in Henan Province from November 2013 to October 2014 were selected. General information and clinical information of those with further microscopic confirmation were also collected. The rank sum test for two or more independent samples and stepwise regression analysis were used to investigate the influential factors for medical costs. Results A total of 218 malaria cases were finally included, of whom 73.4% were from rural areas. On average, the medical costs for patients from rural areas and cities/towns were 1 503 yuan and 4 833 yuan respectively. The average medical cost per patient with first-visit in rural hospitals was 2 600 yuan, and that with first-visit in provincial hospitals was 7 800 yuan. The average medical costs for patients diagnosed in county/city-level hospitals and provincial hospitals were 1 022.5 yuan and 6 170 yuan, respectively. There was null cost for patients diagnosed at the first-visit, while for those diagnosed after 3 or more visits the average cost per patient was 5 621 yuan. Factors significantly associated with medical costs were the current living locality of patients, the hospital level of first-visit, the hospital level of diagnosis and the number of visits before diagnosis（P＜0.05）. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the hospital level of first-visit was the most important influential factor for medical cost, followed by the hospital level of diagnosis and the number of visits before diagnosis. The higher hospital levels of first-visit and diagnosis, the higher cost. The same applied to the number of visits before diagnosis. Conclusion There is an considerable correlation between medical cost and health seeking behavior in malaria patients.

Effect of Echinococcus multilocularis Infection on the Activities of Drug-metabolizing Enzymes in Gerbil Liver

LI Huan-ping, XIN Qi, LU Jun, YUAN Miao-miao, Nabeel PERVAIZ, JING Tao*

2016, 34(1):  3-18-22. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (503KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the effect of Echinococcus multilocularis infection on the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in gerbil liver. Methods Ten gerbils （Meriones unguiculatus） were randomly divided into 2 groups, the experimental group in which each animal was intraperitoneally injected with 300 μl E. multilocularis cyst homogenates （containing about 600 protoscoleces）, and the control group in which each animal received 300 μl saline（i.p.）. Five months after infection, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and livers were collected. The liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation. Protein concentration was measured by the BCA method. CYP450 and Cyt b5 contents in the microsomal fraction were measured with differential spectroscopy. Activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin（EROD） and 7-methoxyresorufin（MROD） were measured by fluorescence spectrometry. The activities of NADPH-cytochrome C reductase（NCR）, glutathione-S-transferase （GST）, and flavine monooxygenases （FMO） were measured by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Results The protein content of cytosolic fractions and liver microsomes in experimental group was （11.089±1.277） and （3.212±0.924） mg/ml， those in control group was （12.459±1.625） and （3.894±0.395） mg/ml， respectively. The contents of CYP450 and Cyt b5 in the experimental group [（0.508±0.142）, （0.515±0.077） nmol/mg protein, respectively] were both significantly lower than those in the control [（0.647±0.090）, （0.596±0.051） nmol/mg protein]（P<0.05）. The GST activity decreased significantly in the experimental group ［（1.766±0.339）×103 nmol/（mg·min）］ compared with the control ［（2.001±0.160）×103 nmol/（mg·min）］（P<0.05）. But the FMO and NCR activities increased significantly in the experimental group ［（1.142±0.327） nmol/（mg·min） and （0.602±0.162）×103 nmol/（mg·min）, respectively］ compared with the control ［（0.882±0.150） nmol/（mg·min） and （0.442±0.082）×103 nmol/（mg·min）］（P<0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in EROD and MROD activities between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion The activities of FMO and NCR markedly increase, while that of GST significantly decreases in the gerbil liver after E. multilocularis infection.

Cloning and Expression of Tibetan Sheep-origin Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B Gene and Protein Identification#br#  Using Immunological Method

DUO Hong1, LI Wei1, FU Yong1, PENG Mao1, GUO Zhi-hong1，SHEN Xiu-ying1,

2016, 34(1):  4-23-26. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (568KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To clone and express the Tibetan Sheep-origin Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B8/2 Gene, and immunologically identify the encoded protein. Methods The cDNA of EgAgB8/2 gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The prokaryotic expression vector pET-EgAgB8/2 was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21（DE3） for expression. Proteins were extracted, separated in SDS-PAGE and identified by Western blotting. Results The cloned EgAgB8/2 gene was 335 bp in length, and had a 98%-100% sequence homology with the reported cDNA sequence of EgAgB8/2, indicating the successful construction of the pET-EgAgB8/2 vector. SDS-PAGE revealed large amount of proteins in supernatant. Western blotting further confirmed the expression of the target protein. Conclusion  The EgAgB8/2 gene of Tibetan Sheep-origin in Qinghai is successfully cloned, and the constructed pET-EgAgB8/2 vector can be used to express the target protein.

Expression and Activity of Arginase from Monocytic-type Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells in Rats Infected with Echinococcus granulosus

CAO Sheng-kui1, PAN Wei1, LIU Hua1, CAO Jian-ping1, SHEN Yu-juan1*

2016, 34(1):  5-27-31. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (633KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the alteration of expression and activity of arginase from monocytic-type myeloid-derived suppressor cells（M-MDSC） in BALB/c mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus. Methods Twelve BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into control and infected groups. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2 000 live protoscoleces or an equivalent volume of normal saline. After 120 days, peripheral blood was collected through venae orbitaeta, and mice were sacrificed for pathological examination. The spleen was collected under aseptic conditions and single-cell suspension was prepared for M-MDSC isolation using the magnetic bead separation technology. Total RNA was extracted from M-MDSC, cDNA was generated, and genes with differential expression without and with infection were screened using the chip hybridization method. The resulting genes were further validated using real-time PCR. The activity of arginase from peripheral blood was also measured. Results Single cyst was formed within the abdomen and internal organs 120 days after infection. Chip hybridization and real-time PCR showed that the relative expression of arginase from M-MDSC in the infected group （7.92±0.85 and 11.97±5.39, respectively） was significantly higher than that in the control group （1.65±0.19 and 1.00±0.57, respectively） （P<0.05）. The activity of arginase was also significantly higher in the infected group ［（3.83±0.44）U/L］ than in the control ［（1.57±0.57）U/L］. Conclusion The expression and activity of arginase from mouse M-MDSC both increase significantly after infection with Echinococcus granulosus.

Cloning of Taenia pisiformis Actin Gene and Assessment of Its Use as An Internal Control

ZHANG Shao-hua, LUO Xue-nong, LI Xue-qiang, CAI Xue-peng*

2016, 34(1):  6-32-39. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (972KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To clone the full-length cDNA of actin gene of Taenia pisiformis（Tp-actin）, and analyze the gene structure, phylogenetic evolution and its use as an internal control. Methods Tp-actin was amplified by RT-PCR and the cDNA of 3′ and 5′ ends were obtained through RACE-PCR. After sequencing, these segments were linked to produce full-length cDNA of Tp-actin. The gene structure and phylogenetic evolution were analyzed using bioinformatics software. Primers for Tp-actin and cysteine peptidase （TpCP） were designed using Primer Express software. Primer specificity and amplification efficiency were analyzed with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （qRT-PCR）. In addition, by using Tp-actin as an internal control, the expression of TpCP in T. pisiformis at various developmental stages was analyzed. Results As expected, sequencing results showed that the Tp-actin fragment was 1 048 bp in length, and the 3′ and 5′ ends were 428 bp and 945 bp, respectively. The full-length cDNA of Tp-actin generated from the 3 segments（submitted to GenBank with accession No. JX624787） was 1 279 bp, containing a 30-bp 5′-untranslated region（5′-UTR）, a 118-bp 3′-UTR, and a 1 131-bp open reading frame（ORF）. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the Tp-actin encoded a protein of 356 amino acids, with a predicted relative molecular weight of 41 749 and a PI value of 5.29. This protein was predicted to contain 6 functional sites and 3 typical signatures of the actin family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Tp-actin was 100% and 99.7% homologous in amino acid sequence to those of Taenia solium and Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. qRT-PCR resulted in specific products of 82 bp and 108 bp from Tp-actin and TpCP, respectively, melting curves of which both showed a single signal peak, verifying the high specificity of primers. The linear correlation coefficient（R2） in standard curve of Tp-actin was 0.999, showing high amplification efficiency. Using Tp-actin as the internal control, the relative expression ratio of TpCP gene in gravid proglottid of T. pisiformis（1.65） was significantly higher than that in oncospheres （1.00）, mature proglottids （0.87） and cysticercus （0.62） （P<0.05）. Conclusion Tp-actin gene is highly conserved and can be used as a reliable internal control.

Analysis of Antibodies with Superior Antigen-recognition in Serum from Patients Infected by Necator americanus

YANG Yi, YANG Yue-tao, SHI Feng, GAO Chun-hua, WANG Jun-yun*

2016, 34(1):  7-40-45. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (428KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective  To evaluate the reactivity of adult hookworm antigens to serum from patients with hookworm disease, and analyze in the serum class- or subclass-specific antibodies that show superior antigen recognition. Methods Sera from healthy participants, patients infected by Necator americanus and those with other parasitic infections were processed for ELISA, which used raw antigens extracted from adult worms of Necator americanus as the coating antigen, and different classes or subclasses of anti-human antibody labeled with HRP as the secondary antibody. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay with various secondary antibodies were compared. Results The ELISA using IgM, IgD，IgE, IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 as the secondary antibody showed a sensitivity of 41.84%, 2.04%, 1.02%, 92.93%, 19.39%, 25.51%, 17.35%, and 88.78%, respectively; specificity of 77.61% 97.01%, 92.54%, 79.10%, 95.52%, 92.53%, 92.53%, and 92.53%, respectively; and diagnostic efficiency of 56.36%, 40.61%, 38.18%, 87.88%, 50.30%, 52.7%, 47.88%, and 90.30%, respectively. The sensitivity when using IgG4 and IgG as the secondary antibody had far exceeded that when using IgM, IgD, IgE, and other three subclasses of IgG （P<0.05）. There was no difference in sensitivity between tests using IgG4 and IgG（χ2=1.61, P＞0.05）. However, the test using IgG4 revealed significantly higher specificity than that using IgG（χ2=4.97, P＜0.05）. Conclusion  Use of IgG4 as the enzyme-linked secondary antibody shows advantages in overall diagnostic efficiency over other classes/subclasses in ELISA.

Efficacy of the Sentinel Mouse Method in Monitoring Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Key #br# Water Areas of Hanchuan City

XIANG Rui-deng1, YU Bin1, SHAN Xiao-wei2 *, DENG Fang1, XU Xin-wen1, LIU Zhi-shuang3

2016, 34(1):  8-46-52. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (763KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the water infectivity of schistosomes in key water areas of Hanchuan City, and explore the use of sentinel mice in surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis. Methods Surveillance and forecast sites were set up in North Han River, Diaocha Lake, and Miaowu Ditch in 2014. Sentinel mice （male Kunming mice, n=20 in each site） were placed there within the first ten-day period of June and September, respectively. Field detections lasted 4 h each, for a total of 2 days. The loss and death rates of mice were recorded. Humans and livestocks with activities in these sites were also examined for schistosome infection. The sentinel mice recovered were raised in laboratory for 35 days, dissected, and examined for liver granulomas and adult worm counting. The distribution of sites with positive detections and their infection status were analyzed. Emergency measures were taken in the positive sites. Results A total of 13（5 sites in North Han River, 5 in Diaocha Lake, and 3 in Miaowu Ditch） surveillance and forecast sites were set up. No infected snail was detected in any of these sites in spring 2014. The detection rate of living snails in North Han River （18.7%, 224/1 201) was significantly higher than that in Diaocha Lake（12.8%, 852/6 644） and in Miaowu Ditch （6.4%, 202/3 147）（P<0.01）. Of the 520 mice placed, 6 were lost, and 514 were recovered, among which 4 mice died during laboratory raising. The remaining 510 sentinel mice were then dissected, revealing infection in 4 mice, with a positive rate of 0.8%. Twenty-seven Schistosoma japonicum worms were collected, and the mean worm burden of positive mice was 6.8 worms per mouse. Three sites （Sansi village, Kangjia village and Doubu village） were found to be positive sites of infection in September, with the detailed number of 2, 1 and 0 in North Han River, Diaocha Lake, and Miaowu Ditch respectively, with a positive rate of 1.5% （3/197）, 0.5% （1/195） and 0 （0/118） in sentinel mice （P>0.05）. In addition, among the 22 cattle found in the 13 sites, 2 were infected with schistosomes; and among the 62 fishermen and boatmen, 2 were infected. Emergency measures were taken in the three positive sites, and no high endemicity occurred. Conclusion The monitoring of sentinel mice infections can improve the sensitivity of the surveillance and forecast system of schistosomiasis. The infected fishermen and cattle remain the major source of schistosomiasis transmission in Hanchuan City.

LC-MS/MS Analysis on the Components of Excretory-secretory Protein of Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae

LUO Jing-mei1，CHENG Lu-yang2，GUAN Xiao-dong3，LI Dan1，YU Li1, DU Luan-ying1 *

2016, 34(1):  9-53-57. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (543KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective  To analyze the components of excretory-secretory protein（ESP） of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae, and search for the anti-tumor protein components.  Methods  The Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were collected, and ESP was prepared. The ESP was separated in 15% SDS-PAGE. Proteins extracted from the protein bands were lysed with trypsin, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The identified proteins were classified by Gene Ontology（GO） according to cell component, molecular function, and biological processes.  Results  SDS-PAGE revealed clear protein bands at Mr 10 000-142 000. A total of 162 proteins were analyzed with LC-MS/MS, of which 63 were identified, 34 were putative proteins, and 65 were unidentified proteins. Six anti-tumor relevant proteins were revealed, which were tropomyosin, histone H2A, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 2, serine proteinase inhibitor Kazal-type 4, Armadillo segment polarity protein and eukaryotic initiation factor 4A. The GO enrichment analysis showed that the identified proteins possessed 54 different types of molecular functions, and participated in cell structure and 382 biological processes.  Conclusion  The ESP of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae has complex protein components, many with unknown identities. Six anti-tumor relevant proteins were determined from the 63 identified proteins.

The World List of Ticks. 1. Argasidae and Nuttallielidae（Acari ∶ Ixodida）

WEN Ting-huan1*, CHEN Ze2

2016, 34(1):  10-58-74. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (884KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In ixodology, the world records of the nominated species of the ticks reached close to thousand. Towards the end of 2015, altogether 200 valid species names of Argasidae accommodated in 5 genera have been consensed by most of the world ixodologists, namely Argas 61 species, Ornithodoros 118 species, Antricola 17 species, Nothoaspida 2 species, and Otobius 2 species. The monotypic status of the genus Nuttalliella of Nuttalliellidae remained unchange. China is a country of poor in soft tick fauna, only 14 species were recorded so far. In order to facilitate the exchange of the scientific view-point among the colleagues about both ticks and tick-borne diseases in this country, a latest list of world argasid and nuttalliellid valid names was introduced. Meanwhile a Chinese scientific term for each valid species and named genus in conformity with the principle of simplicity and pithy, as well as systematization was proposed. A series of abbreviations for the nominated genera and subgenera of Argasidae was also suggested.

Research Advances on Distribution Characteristics of and Factors Associated with Fecal Contamination by Definitive Hosts of Echinococcus spp.

NIU Yan-lin, WU Wei-ping*

2016, 34(1):  11-70-74. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (434KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larvae of Echinococcus spp.. Fecal contamination by definitive hosts of Echinococcus is the major cause of echinococcosis transmission. It is therefore of great significance to estimate the level of fecal contamination by the definitive hosts and develop prevention and control strategies. This article gives an overview on distribution characteristics of, and factors associated with fecal contamination by definitive hosts of Echinococcus.

Research Development on the Protective Effect of Parasitic Infection against Rheumatoid Arthritis

Shadike Apaer, Tuerhongjiang Tuxun, WEN Hao*

2016, 34(1):  12-75-79. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (428KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Rheumatoid arthritis is a global disease with an increasing incidence. Although increasing experimental and epidemiological studies have suggested the potential therapeutic effects of parasitic infection on rheumatoid arthritis since the proposition of Hygiene Hypothesis in 1870, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, it is of great significance to study the relationship between parasitic infection and rheumatoid arthritis. This review is to discuss the relationship between parasitic infection and rheumatoid arthritis and the mechanisms which may involve cell immunity and cytokine alterations.

Research Progress of DNA Barcoding Technique in Mollusca Taxonomy 

JIANG Ying, ZHANG Yi*, GUO Yun-hai

2016, 34(1):  13-80-83. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (409KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

DNA barcoding technique is a fast and accurate method for species identification. Currently, the barcoding using cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ（COⅠ） gene has been successfully applied for identification of mollusca species. This paper introduces the concept, advantages and limitations of DNA barcoding, and gives an overview on its recent applications in mollusca taxonomy, particularly in classification of mollusca of medical importance. Research on COⅠ gene sequence is also updated.

Helminth Infections in Goats in Nimu County of Tibet

LIU Jian-zhi，XIA Chen-yang*，FENG Jing，SONG Tian-zeng，MA Xing-bin，TANG Wen-qiang

2016, 34(1):  14-8-10. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (929KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Postmortem examinations were made in 99 goats in Nimu County of Tibe, and parasites were collected and identified based on morphology. The collected parasites were categorized, and infection status was analyzed. The helminth infection rate was 100% among the goats, and all showed a pattern of mixed infection. The identified parasites belonged to 21 species, 15 genera, and 9 families. The Trichuris genus（36.4%） was the most prevailing among nematodes in the gastrointestinal tract; Paramphistomum cervi（60.6%） and Paramphistomum gotoi（60.6%） were predominant among trematodes detected; Cysticercus tenuicollis（52.5%） was the predominant cestode detected; and Orientobilharzia turkestanicum was the major parasite detected in the portal vein（69.7%）.

Epidemiological Analysis of Imported Malaria in Shijiazhuang City from 2010 to 2014

PANG Zhi-zhao1，CAO Yan-qiang2，LIU Li1

2016, 34(1):  15-15-17. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (391KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Epidemiological analysis was performed on the 103 reported malaria cases during 2010-2014 in Shijiazhuang City. All the cases were imported from abroad, comprising 18（17.5%） cases of vivax malaria, 43 （41.7%） falciparum malaria, 2（1.9%） ovale malaria, 18（17.5%） cases with mixed infections， and 22（21.4%） unclassified cases. No significant seasonal variation in disease onset was observed. The male-to-female ratio was 33.3 : 1 and the cases were concentrated within 20-50 years. Africa was the main source of imported cases （92.2%）.

Effect of Malaria Prevention and Control in Henan Province from 2010 to 2014

YANG Cheng-yun, ZHANG Ya-lan, QIAN Dan, CHEN Wei-qi, LIU Ying, ZHOU Rui-min, LU De-ling, ZHANG Hong-wei*

2016, 34(1):  16-37-39. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (365KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

During 2010-2014 a total of 1 779 malaria cases were reported in Henan Province, including 958 indigenous cases, and 821 imported cases, with 12 deaths. No indigenous malaria cases were reported during 2012-2014, but the number of imported cases showed a trend of increase, rising from 106 cases in 2010 to 216 in 2014. Blood examination was conducted in 5 210 428 patients with fever during 2010-2014. A total of 4 829 anophelines were captured, of which 4 741 were Anopheles sinensis and 88 were Anopheles anthropophagus. A total of 28 067 patients were given pre-transmission medications. In addition, 3 112 staff for Plasmodium microscopical examinations and 783 epidemiological researchers received training in the five years. Seventy-two counties（cities, districts） passed the evaluation for malaria elimination. Future work should focus on the enhancement of inspection and management of imported malaria to prevent its further dissemination and to achieve the final goal of malaria elimination in the province.

Analysis of Malaria Endemic Situation in the Joint Malaria Control Zone of Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces from 2012 to 2013

MENG An-shan*, FAN Qi-qin, WU Ji-gang

2016, 34(1):  17-43-45. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (395KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Information on the endemic situation of malaria in the joint malaria control zone of Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces from 2012 to 2013 was collected. Blood test results from fever patients and the healthy population were obtained. The spatiotemperal and occupational distributions of malaria cases were analyzed. During 2012-2013, blood tests were performed in 253 606 local residents and 11 212 returning residents in the joint area, as well as in 19 843 migrants from outside the area, resulting in discovery of 30 Plasmodium-infected cases only in the returning residents. All the 30 cases were imported from abroad, most of whom were electricity workers returning from the Africa. Among them, 28 cases were reported in 6 counties in Guangxi, and 2 in 2 counties/cities in Guizhou.

Toxoplasma gondii Infection in HIV-infected Individuals in Henan Province

BAI Chen-qian1，WANG Dong1，YAO Zhi-jun1，WANG Shuai1，ZHANG Lu-wen1，DIAO Feng-jin1，REN Xiao-ying1，HE Chan-chan1，WANG Zhao-hong1，MA Jin-chao1，WANG Su-kang1，PENG Bang-gan1，HU Cui1，AN Ge2，LIU Shi-guo1 *

2016, 34(1):  18-84-86. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (539KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

 Genomic DNA was extracted from 1 038 peripheral blood samples from HIV-infected individuals in Henan Province. One-step single-tube nested PCR was performed to amplify the 529 bp repeating sequences of Toxoplasma gondii. Of the 1 038 samples （762 from males and 276 from females）, 66 showed positive PCR results, with a positive rate of 6.4%. The PCR positive rate in males and females was 6.3% （48/762） and 6.5% （18/276） respectively. The PCR positive rate in the married HIV individuals was 4.9%（25/508）, and that in unmarried, divorced and widowed HIV individuals was 7.7% （41/530）（χ2 = 3.451, P> 0.05）. The PCR positive rate in HIV individuals with a high-school educational level or above was 6.9%（34/489）, and that in those below the high-school level was 5.8% （32/549）（χ2 = 0.545, P> 0.05）. The highest infection rate was in the age group of 20-40 years（7.6%, 31/410）. In addition, the Toxoplasma infection rate in those with and without a history of venereal diseases, and those with an unknown history was 8.0%（9/113）, 6.5%（50/773） and 4.6%（7/152） respectively （χ2 = 0.355, P> 0.05）.

Culture and Application of Entamoeba invadens Trophozoites from Snake

QI Li-li1，JIA Xian-xian1，YANG Xiao-hong1，ZHAO Bo2，WANG He1

2016, 34(1):  19-87-88. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (621KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The trophozoites of Entamoeba invadens from snake were seeded in liquid medium, incubated at 22 ℃ under constant temperature, and transferred weekly. The liquid medium which contained a large number of trophozoites was used for preparation of samples for microscopic observation. The cultured trophozoites of snake E. invadens displayed similar morphological changes, movement patterns, reproductive cycle and invasiveness with human E. histolytica. Therefore, the snake E. invadens trophozoites can be used as an alternative to the human E. histolytica trophozoites to facilitate students’ observation of living amoeba trophozoites.

Risk Factors for Post-surgery Recurrence of Multiple Pulmonary Cystic Echinococcosis

SUN Jiu-he, SUN Qing-chao, ZHANG Zhu, ZHANG Chang-ming, DENG Yan-chao*

2016, 34(1):  20-89-90. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (306KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical information of patients with multiple pulmonary cystic echinococcosis who received surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Hospital from January 2005 to October 2014 was collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the predisposing factors for post-surgery recurrence of multiple pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. Among the 73 cases of multiple pulmonary cystic echinococcosis, 40 were males and 33 were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.21 ∶ 1. The average age of patients was 37.6 years. All the patients reported a living history in pastoral areas or contacts with dogs. Thirty-eight patients were administered with albendazole tablets or liposomal albendazole for 3 to 12 months after surgery. Recurrence occurred in 6 cases, with a rate of 8.2%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the preoperative rupture of hydatid cyst to be the risk factor for post-surgery recurrence. The administration of anti-hydatid drugs after surgery plays a protective role against recurrence, and may reduce the risk of recurrence.

Food-borne Parasitic Infection in Intermediate Hosts in Ninghai County of Zhejiang Province

WANG Bin*, HU Dan-biao, GU Min-xia, WANG Zhi-gang, YU Yi-jiang, XU Zhi-qiang

2016, 34(1):  21-91-92. 

Asbtract ( )   PDF (369KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To understand the status of food-borne parasitic infection in intermediate hosts in Ninghai County of Zhejiang Province, freshwater crabs were collected from 4 towns of the County to detect the infection with metacercariae of Paragonimus, and frogs were collected from 8 towns to examine the infection with plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni from May to September, 2015. Among the 339 freshwater crabs collected, the infection rate was 9.1%（31/339）, with each crab containing 6.7 metacercariae of Paragonimus on average. Among the 348 frogs collected, the infection rate was 11.5%（40/348）, with each frog containing 2.2 plerocercoids on average. In conclusion, there is a high rate of food-borne parasitic infection in intermediate hosts in Ninghai County. Comprehensive prevention and control measures are needed.