Table of Content

30 December 2005, Volume 23 Issue 6

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述评

Malaria Situation in the People′s Republic of China in 2003

ZHOUShui-sen;TANGLin-hua;SHENGHui-feng

2005, 23(6):  1-387. 

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【Abstract】 Total 40 681 malaria cases and 129 147 suspected cases with 52 deaths were reported by the case reporting system in 910 counties of 21 Provinces/Municipality/Autonomous Region （P/M/A） in 2003， and the annual incidence was 0.39/10 000， an increase of 15.3% than that of the last year， which is the third year that malaria incidence consecutively increased since 2001. Based on a baseline survey in the project funded by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS， Tuberculosis and Malaria （GFATM）， the estimated number of malaria cases was about 740 000 in 2003， 18 times more than reported.
Among the 910 counties with reported malaria cases， 29 counties with an incidence more than 10/10 000 distributed in Yunnan （17 counties）， Hainan （9）， Anhui （1）， Hubei （1） and Henan （1）. There were 69 counties in which the malaria incidence was between 1/10 000 and 10/10 000.
The number of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases was 4 727， accounting for 11.6% of the total cases， of which 13.1% （621） were imported cases reported in 107 counties/cities of 16 P/M/A. Indigenous falciparum malaria was found in 78 counties/cities of Yunnan and Hainan Provinces， of which 64 counties/cities were in Yunnan， increased by 22， 14 counties/cities were in Hainan， decreased by 2 compared to that of 2002.
Yunnan and Hainan are still the relatively high transmission areas. Yunnan has ranked No.1 in the country in terms of the number of cases while Hainan ranked No.1 by malaria incidence in recent years. 21 788 malaria cases were reported from the two provinces in 2003， accounting for 53.6% of the total reported cases in the country. There were 15 431 cases with 43 deaths reported from Yunnan， the incidence was 4.24/10 000， with an increase of 26.3% than that in the last year. Among the reported cases， 3 529 were falciparum malaria， increased by 22.9% in comparison to 2002. The number of reported cases in Hainan was 6 357， with an incidence of 7.94/10 000， 19.6% increase than the last year.
In central China， the re-emergence of malaria was considerable in provinces along the Huai River， especially in Anhui Province. It should be stressed that the proportion of malaria cases was increasing in Anopheles sinensis transmitted areas where malaria was almost under control in the 1990s. The number of malaria cases in Anhui has been the second largest in the country since 2001. 8 025 malaria cases and 18 533 suspected cases were reported from Anhui in 2003， accounting for 19.7% of the total cases in the country， with an incidence of 1.53/10 000 increased by 59.4% than that in 2002. Hubei Province reported 5 334 malaria cases with an incidence of 1.2/10 000， increased by 33.3%. The number of reported cases in Henan and Jiangsu Provinces was 2 448 and 638 and the incidence decreased by 24.1% and 12.7% respectively. Focal outbreaks occurred in 222 villages of 9 counties in Anhui， Hubei and Jiangsu， where Anopheles sinensis is the principal transmission vector. Malaria cases reported from the above 4 provinces accounted for over 40% of the national figure.
Cases reported from other P/M/A in the South and East China occupied about 6% of the total with certain degree of decrease， several hundreds from each of Guizhou， Guangxi， Sichuan， Guangdong， Fujian， Chongqing， Zhejiang， Shanghai and Hunan， more than 50% of which were imported cases. Less than 100 cases were reported from each of Shandong， Jiangxi， Liaoning， Shaanxi, Shanxi and Gansu Provinces in 2003.
In summary， malaria is still an important problem of public health in China， especially in the southern and central parts where the incidence has been increasing since 2001. Yunnan and Hainan still faced critical situation of malaria endemics with a spread of Plasmodium falciparum， especially in the 25 border counties in Yunnan. In the central part of the country including Anhui， Hubei， Henan and Jiangsu， where Anopheles sinensis was the principal vector， the malaria prevalence was highly unstable with frequent focal outbreaks in areas along the Huai River， which revealed new challenges to the malaria control program in China. Meanwhile， opportunities also exist with the support of the GFATM and the government， the latter paid much closer attention recently to issues in relation to public health.

论著

Screening and Preliminary Identification of Mimetic Peptides of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocyte Membrane Surface Protein 1

HAOWen-bo;LIMing;XUWei-wen;WANGPing;CHENBai-hong

2005, 23(6):  2-391. 

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Objective To screen and identify mimetic peptides of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte membrane surface protein 1 in order to explore anti-adhesive agent against cerebral malaria. Methods Phage-borne peptide KLYLIAEGSVAA was used as panning targets to select target binders in a disulfide-constrained heptapeptides library. Three rounds of biopanning were carried out and then ELISA and competitive ELISA were used to evaluate the binding character between phage-borne peptides and ICAM-1. The insert DNA sequences of positive clones were determined and their amino acid sequences were deduced. Results After three-round panning, 22 clones were randomly chosen from the third panning and analyzed. Three clones showed positive interaction with ICAM-1, and two of them possessed the amino acid sequence C-ITAVPVR-C, the other one was C-DIMGGYN-C. These peptides specifically inhibited the binding of 15.2 antibody to ICAM-1 detected by competitive ELISA. Conclusion Two kinds of mimetic peptides of PfEMP-1 have been obtained, which can bind with ICAM-1 specifically.

Microarray DNA Chip in Analyzing the Association BetweenHLA-DRB and Advanced Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis

CHENGYu-li;XUMing-xing;SONGWen-jian;YANGYan;LIUWen-qi*;LIYong-long;QIUMin-yan;WUHai

2005, 23(6):  3-395. 

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Objective To explore possible associations between host polymorphism of HLA classⅡgenotypes and advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis japonica. Methods 45 advanced schistosomiasis patients (experimental group） and 44 age-and sex-matched patients with chronic schistosomiasis （control group） from the same area were investigated for their HLA class II gene DRB genotypes by genotyping the alleles using microarray DNA chip. The correlation of allele frequencies to advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis was compared for the two groups. Results HLA-DRB1*04x exhibited markedly higher frequency in advanced patients than that in control group （P＜0.01， RR=3.928）. In contrast，the frequency of HLA-DRB1*15x in advanced patients was much lower when compared with that in control group （P＜0.01， RR=0.050）. Besides，the significant allele HLA-DRB1*15x displayed concurrence with allele DRB5*010x/020x. The linked gene haplotype DRB1*15x-DRB5*010x/020x showed significantly higher incidence in control group than in experimental group （P＜0.01）. Conclusion Allele HLA-DRB1*04x is positively，while HLA-DRB1*15x is negatively，correlated with advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

Linking Quantitation of Electrophoresis Pattern and DataAnalysis in AFLP for Oncomelania hupensis

ZHOUYi-biao;JIANGQing-wu;ZHAOGen-ming;WEIJian-guo

2005, 23(6):  4-400. 

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Objective To search into a method for analyzing the quantitative data in amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） electrophoresis. Methods Oncomelania snails collected from the field were screened. Forty snails found uninfected with schistosomiasis were divided randomly into two groups and used to isolate genomic DNA. AFLP electrophoresis pattern was first transformed into quantitative data by Glyko BandScan software, and the bands were read according to different standards of band-reading to acquire the corresponding data. These data sets were analyzed by genetic statistics to get an inference set, and the analysis of this inference set was performed to reach a summary description. Results The results of genetic variation from different standards of band-reading were different. With the increase of the standard value of band-reading, the indices indicating the genetic polymorphism of Oncomelania hupensis population （e.g. Shannon′s information index） also increased. When the standard value reached at certain level, the values of these indices began to decrease. Compared with the above indices, the change for gene flow turned out contrary to the genetic identity. The distributions of inference results from different standards of band-reading all showed significant normal distribution. The mean value of genetic variation based on total grey was very close to that on the proportion of total grey. The average genetic identity between the “subpopulations” was 0.956 according to proportion of total grey or 0.958 from the total grey with an average genetic distance between the “subpopulations” of 0.045 and 0.043 respectively. Conclusion It seems to be a reasonable and accurate method by quantifying the AFLP electrophoresis pattern followed by analyzing the data through the use of the different standards of band-reading.

Studies on Effect Enhancement of the Schistosoma japonicum DNAVaccine pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 by Vegetal Polysaccharides

FENGQing*;HUJun-feng;CHENHan;LOUJian-lin;GANYan;HUYuan;SHIYou-en

2005, 23(6):  5-403. 

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Objective To enhance the immunogenicity of the recombinant pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 vaccine of Schistosoma japonicum by using mixed vegetal polysaccharides as adjuvant. Methods The plasmid pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 was constructed. 3 groups of BALB/C mice were injected intramuscularly with normal saline (Group A）, pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 plasmid DNA (B）, and pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 plus mixed vegetal polysaccharides (C） respectively, and challenged with S.japonicum cercariae on the 4th week after immunization. Mice were killed to calculate the worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate in liver tissue on the 6th week after infection. Before and 4 weeks after immunization blood samples were collected. Results The worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate were 64.3% and 79.9%, respectively in group C, 45.5% and 58.4%, respectively in group B, showing a remarkable difference between them（P<0.05）. ELISA analysis showed a significantly higher level of IgG specific for Sj23 4 weeks after vaccination in groups B and C（P<0.05）. However, there was no significant difference in IgG level between groups C and B （P＞0.05）. Conclusion When mixed vegetal polysaccharides are used as adjuvant, the effect of the vaccine pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 can be considerably enhanced.

In Vitro Killing Activity of the Fractional Proteins from Microtus fortis Serum to Schistosoma japonicum Juveniles

WUGuo-jun;QINZhi-qiang;LUOSai-qun;YUYuan-jing;PENGXing-hua;HUWei-xin*

2005, 23(6):  6-407. 

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Objective To explore the killing effect of different fractional proteins from Microtus fortis （Mf） serum to S. japonicum juveniles， and to find possible association of the proteins with the natural resistance to schistosome infection. Methods The proteins in Mf serum were separated by means of ion-exchange column chromatography and molecular sieve column chromatography. After desalted by dialysis and lyophilized， the proteins were dissolved in DMEM medium which contained 300 U/ml penicillin and 300 μg/ml streptomycin, and the two-day old schistosomula were added in for in vitro cultivation (100±20/well). The killing activity of the fractional proteins to the juvenile worms was defined by mortality rate. Results 58 fractional proteins were separated from Mf serum， in which six proteins were confirmed to have a significant killing activity to schistosomula. The mortality of schistosomula all reached 37% and above， and the highest mortality（87.5%） was observed in the fraction 18.1， while the negative control was 25.0%（P＜0.01）. Conclusion Some fractional proteins in Microtus fortis serum show an effect in the natural resistance to schistosome infection.

Mathematical Model in Prediction and Evaluation of theEffects on Control Measures for Schistosomiasis

WUKai-chen*

2005, 23(6):  7-414. 

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Objective To carry out a theoretical research on the rule that a mathematical model may play on predicting and evaluating the control effect of schistosomiasis japonica. Methods Barbour＇s two-host model was used to predict and evaluate the effect of different control measures by computer simulation. Pilot samples in two villages of Shanghai suburb in 1950s were applied for the analysis. Results When the prevalence was high, synchronous chemotherapy for human and cattle populations quickly reduced the indices of the infection. Mollusciciding provided positive impact on the effect of chemotherapy. Added with the environmental measures for snail control，the basic reproductive rate (BRR) and equilibrium prevalence in human and bovines were sustainably reduced and even reached an interruption of transmission. The effect of chemotherapy could be consolidated by the anti-fecundity vaccine for bovines. Satisfied control effect could also be obtained by chemotherapy in human and bovines combined with behaviour intervention for human and vaccination for bovines without snail control. In areas with lower levels of transmission velocity，BRR and prevalence，the effect of various interventions was better than that obtained in areas with higher levels of the above three infection indices，and the disease control could be easier. Conclusion The Barbour＇s mathematical model can be used to roughly predict and evaluate the effects of schistosomiasis control measures.

Cloning and Expression of the Fused Gene of Rhoptry Protein ROP2 and Major Surface Protein P30 from Toxoplasma gondii

LIWen-shu;LUHui-min;MINTai-shan;HUANGWei-da

2005, 23(6):  8-418. 

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Objective To clone and express the fused gene fragment coding rhoptry protein ROP2 and major surface protein P30 from Toxoplasma gondii as a preparation for the construction of the complex ROP2-P30 antigen by gene engineering. Methods The gene fragment encoding P30 was amplified by PCR from T.gondii RH strain and subcloned into the recombinant plasmid pUC119/ROP2 already constructed. The recombinant plasmid pUC119/ROP2-P30 was digested by SacⅠ/HindⅢ and inserted into the same site of expression vector pET28b. The recombinant plasmid of pET28b/ROP2-P30 was transformed to E.coli and expressed under the induction of IPTG. Results The gene fragment 700 bp encoding P30 was obtained from the total DNA of T.gondii by PCR. The recombinant plasmid pET28b/ROP2-P30 was successfully constructed，which was highly expressed in E.coli，a fusion protein with molecular weight of 69 000. Conclusion The fusion gene encoding the rhoptry protein ROP2 and the major surface protein P30 of T. gondii has been successfully cloned and expressed to be an expected recombinant fusion protein ROP2-P30 with molecular weight 69 000.

Expression and Purification of Toxoplasma gondii GRA4Gene in Prokaryotic System

LINQi-ping;WUShao-ting**;WENGYa-biao;LEIMing-jun;PANHui-rong;YUANShi-shan;WENJian-xiang;QINLi;HUANGDa-na;ZHANGRen-li;GAOShi-tong

2005, 23(6):  9-423. 

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Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression system containing the dense granule protein 4 （GRA4） of Toxoplasma gondii，purify the expressed protein and detect its immunogenicity. Methods The specific fragment of GRA4 gene was amplified by PCR. After subcloning the prokaryotic expression recombinant pET-GRA4，the expressed product was purified with His·BindTM affinity chromatography and analyzed by Western blot. BALB/c mice were immunized with the GRA4 recombinant protein，and the antibody IgG titer was detected by ELISA. Results The pET-GRA4 prokaryotic expression system was obtained. The MW of the expressed protein was Mr 40 000 and formed in inclusion body. After purification，the recombinant protein could be specifically recognized by the T.gondii infected rabbit serum. Mice immunized with the purified recombinant protein elicited high titer of IgG antibody. Conclusion The pET-GRA4 recombinant protein was successfully expressed and purified，which shows the immunogenicity.

Isolation and Purification of an Inhibitor on PlateletAggregation from Ixodes sinensis

LIUYong-hou;XUChun-hua;LIUZhi-gang;LIANGJian-guo;LAIRen*

2005, 23(6):  10-427. 

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Objective To study the bioactive components in ticks which inhibit platelet aggregation， and to understand the molecular mechanism of tick-host interaction. Methods Sephadex G-50 gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） were used to purify the platelet aggregation inhibitor from Ixodes sinensis. Its molecular weight and purity were checked by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight （MALDI-TOF） mass spectrometry. Platelet-rich plasma （PRP） of rabbit was used to examine the function of platelet aggregation inhibitor. Results A purified platelet aggregation inhibitor was identified from I.sinensis with a molecular weight of 8 065. It inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP with strong potency. The inhibition of platelet aggregation reached over 90% under a concentration of 10 μg/ml. Conclusion An inhibitor of platelet aggregation from I.sinensis was identified， which may play an important role for ticks to successfully get blood meal from their hosts.

The Relationship between Infestation of Demodex folliculorumand Epidermal Neoplasm on Face

SUNJing*;GUIXian;HEJin;LIUHui-min;YUHong-Yu;XIAChun-yan;XUYi;

2005, 23(6):  11-431. 

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Objective To discuss the relationship between infestation of Demodex folliculorum and facial epidermal neoplasm. Methods A retrospective analysis was made with the pathological data of 153 cases collected in the recent four years on facial basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, seborrheic keratosis and trichilemmoma. The infection rate of Demodex folliculorum in the four types of neoplasm was evaluated and the relationship between the infection rate and the location of neoplasm and age was analyzed by V2 test. Results There was a significant difference in the infestation rate of Demodex folliculorum in the four types of epidermal neoplasm(P<0.05), with the highest rate in basal cell carcinoma（56%）, compared with seborrheic keratosis(21%), trichilemmoma(20%), and squamous cell carcinoma(14%). The infestation rate of Demodex folliculorum was significantly different in variant locations of epidermal neoplasm (P<0.05). The highest infestation rate was in cases of nasal neoplasm(71%), compared with other parts. In addition, among twelve cases of Demodex folliculorum positive nasal neoplasm, nine were basal cell carcinoma；ten of thirty-six basal cell carcinoma occurred on nose. Conclusion The highest infestation rate of Demodex folliculorum was in cases of nasal epidermal neoplasm compared with other locations, and the cases of basal cell carcinoma showed the highest infestation rate among the four types of neoplasm.

Cloning and Characterization of p43 cDNA from Trichinella spiralis

GUOHeng;LILian-rui;LIUMing-yuan*;WUXiu-ping;SUNShu-min;FUBao-quan;GAOChang-ling;LUQiang;CHENQi-jun;P.Boireau

2005, 23(6):  12-436. 

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Objective To clone and characterize the p43 cDNA from muscle larvae cDNA library of Trichinella spiralis (Ts） Chinese isolate. Methods PCR technique was used to amplify the target cDNA from muscle larvae cDNA library. After cloned in pMD18T vector， it was transformed into E. coli NovaBlue. The positive clones were sequenced and the cDNA was cloned into pET28a expression vector. After induced by IPTG， the inclusion body of the recombinant protein was purified and re-natured. The deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II ） activity of the recombinant protein was tested by hydrolyzing λDNA. Results Open reading frame （ORF） of the p43 cDNA was successfully cloned from the muscle larvae cDNA library of the Chinese Ts， there were mutations of two nucleotides in the ORF of the Chinese Ts p43 cDNA comparing with that from USA isolate at the positions 210 and 604， namely， C and A in the USA isolate but T and G in the Chinese isolate. Considering that three authors had cloned the same p43 cDNA from the USA isolate and six groups (including this team） had also obtained the same sequence from the Chinese isolate， the mutation of the two nucleotides was considered as the single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP） marker of the Chinese Ts isolate. The DNase II activity of the recombinant protein was successfully detected by hydrolyzing λDNA. Conclusion The p43 cDNA was successfully cloned from the muscle larvae cDNA library of the Ts Chinese isolate. Two SNPs were found in the nucleotide sequence. The DNase II activity was proved.

RNA Interference to the Expression of Peroxiredoxin-RelatedGenes in Trichomonas vaginalis

ZHANGJia-xin;FUYu-cai;XUXiao-yuan;WUTong-jian;CAOFeng-ling

2005, 23(6):  13-440. 

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Objective To inhibit the expression of the target genes of peroxiredoxin （Prx） and thioredoxin reductase （TrxR） by RNA interference and evaluate its effect on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from cultured Trichomonas vaginalis with phenol-chloroform method and was transcribed to double stranded RNA （dsRNA）. Short interference RNAs （siRNA， 21-23 bp） synthesized by digestion of dsRNA with RNase Ⅲ and purified through filter cartridge， were transfected into the cells in three groups （A， B and C） to degrade the target genes of Prx， TrxR and Prx＋TrxR through siPORT lipid， respectively， and the untransfected was selected as a control （group D）. The levels of Prx and TrxR mRNA were determined 24 h and 48 h post-transfection by relative quantitative RT-PCR， and the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis was estimated under microscope 36 h post-transfection. Results Trichomonas vaginalis mRNA levels of Prx and TrxR decreased. Though the cell activity showed no significant difference （P＞0.05） in four groups as expected， a difference existed （P＜0.01）between the groups in the average of cells（7.2×107/L， 14.2×107/L， 3.8×107/L and 20.3×107/L in groups A， B， C and D respectively）. Conclusions RNA interference inhibits the expression of the genes of Prx and TrxR and extended Trichomonas vaginalis cells cycle considerably， but showed no influence on the cell activity.

实验报道

Expression of Hepatic Bcl-2 and Bax Proteins in Schistosome-InfectedMice and the Role of Pentoxifylline

WEIPing;LUODuan-de;XIONGLi-juan;ZENGLing-lan

2005, 23(6):  14-443. 

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Objective To study the expression of hepatic Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) in the expression. Methods Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: one normal control group，mice in the other three groups were all infected each with 25 cercariae, the infected control group was fed for 10 weeks after infection， and 2 weeks after infection, the high dose PTX group was given PTX 360 mg/（kg·d） for 8 weeks and the low dose PTX group was given PTX 180 mg/（kg·d）also for 8 weeks. At the end of 10 weeks all the mice were killed. Bcl-2 and Bax proteins expression was detected by immunohistochemisty. Results Compared with the normal control group， the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was significantly higher in the infected control group (P﹤0.05). Bcl-2 was significantly higher in high dose PTX group than in the infected control group and in low dose PTX group (P﹤0.05). However there was no significant difference in the expression of Bax among the groups (P﹥0.05). Conclusion PTX treatment can significantly increase the expression of Bcl-2 in liver tissue of schistosome-infected mice in a dose-dependent manner， and may play a role against liver inflammation and schistosomiasis-related liver fibrosis.

Experimental Infection of Mice with Blastocystis hominis

YAOFan-rong;QIAOJi-ying;ZHAOYan;ZHANGXu;YANGJun-hua;LIXiao-qi

2005, 23(6):  15-448. 

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Objective To seek a better pathway and proper number of parasites for Blastocystis hominis (B.h) infection in normal and immunocompromised ICR mice. Methods ① 104、105 and 106 B.h, cultured in RPMI 1640 medium from 3 generations were used to infect mice through oral and rectum; ②106 B.h were used to infect immmunocompromised mice through rectum. The reproduction of B.h in gastrointestinal tract and the pathologic changes in the tissues were observed. Results Mice were infected by B.h through either oral or rectum. The infected immunocompromised mice showed slow locomotion, depressed, lethargy, and descended body weight. Some infected mice discharged mucus feces, a few of them died during the experiment. Parasites were found in the whole gastrointestinal tract. Severe edema, hyperemia and congestion were observed in the tissues of jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon. The epithelia of small intestine and colonic mucous membrane showed exfoliation, inflammatory cell infiltration in submucosa, and structural changes in glands. Conclusion Mice were more susceptible to Blastocystis hominis infection through rectum than orally. The parasites can be found in the whole gastrointestinal tract of mice, and can breed rapidly and cause significant pathological change in the gastrointestinal mucosa in immunocompromised mice.

Development of Immunoblot Kit for the Detectionof Anti-Toxoplasma Antibodies

JIANGShou-fu;ZHANGShu-yi;CAOLin;PANCai-e;WEIMei-xiong

2005, 23(6):  16-452. 

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Objective To develop a diagnostic kit for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in human sera by immunoblot technique. Methods The cytoplasm proteins of Toxoplasma gondii were extracted from collected ascites in Kunming strain mice infected by tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii(RH strain). Toxoplasma gondii soluble antigens were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and transferred to pyroxylin membrane. Using nonpoisonous tetramethylbenzidine （TMB） as horseradish peroxidase substrate for immunoblot， the optimal experimental conditions were selected through comparison of antigen preparation， reagents for blocking or washing， dilution concentration， reaction time， and frequencies of reacting band. Sensitivity， specificity， Youden index and stability were evaluated as the standard for the kit. Results In 30 sera with anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies and 28 with IgG antibodies， the sensitivity for IgM and IgG antibody detection was 90.0% （27/30） and 85.7% （24/28） respectively， the specificity was all 100% in examining 40 healthy control sera， and the Youden index was 0.9 and 0.86 respectively. The kit was stable at 4℃ for 6 months. Conclusion The immunoblot kit shows an easy operation， fast reaction and reliable result， and may be practical.

A Micro-Culture Method for Continuous Observationof Free-living Amoebae

CHENHong-you;JIANGQing-wu;LIQin-xue;LIZi-hua

2005, 23(6):  17-456. 

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Objective To establish a method for co-culture of amoebae and endosymbionts, also for continuously observing the microphenotype of amoebae. Methods 24 wells culture plate with cover glass on the wells was used as containers. Amoebae and Candida albicans were co-cultured in microdrop of medium in the wells at 37℃, and observed under ×1000. Results Continuous observation revealed trophozoites in various shapes like letters T, K, or Y, their movement and ingestion phenomenon were observed. Conclusion The micro-culture method is useful in observing the amoebal morphology and its phagocytic process to Candida albicans.

现场调查

An Epidemiological Analysis on Malaria in LinzhiDistrict of Tibet in 1986-2004

LUOSang;HUYong-hong;HUSong-lin;NIZhen;LICheng-cai

2005, 23(6):  18-459. 

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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characters of malaria in Linzhi district of Tibet. Methods A retrospective analysis on the epidemiology of malaria was carried out using the data on malaria situation in Linzhi district of Tibet in 1986-2004, referring to the distribution of season, population and region. Results The accumulative number of malaria cases in the period of 1986-2004 was 2 459. The annual incidence of malaria in the district was reduced from 2.44 per ten thousand in 1986 to 1.03 per ten thousand in 2004, declined by 57.8% in 17 years. 99.3% of the cases were reported from Motuo County which was a typical high endemic area of malaria. The peak of prevalence occurred in June-October and 66.7% of the total cases were in the age group of 15-59 years old. 81.0% of the cases were farmers and 90.0% were Menba nationality. Conclusion Motuo County has been the major area of malaria endemic in Linzhi district of Tibet. Most malaria cases in other counties are imported from Motuo.

Composition and Diversity of Acaroid Mite Community inDifferent Environments in Huainan City

LIChao-pin;HEJi;JIANGJia-jia;WANGHui-yong

2005, 23(6):  19-462. 

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Objective To investigate the composition and diversity of acaroid mite community in Huainan City. Methods Dust samples were collected from storage circumstances, human dwellings and working places. Acaroid mites were isolated, counted and identified. 30 sampling spots from each of the three environments were selected, and 2 samples, each with 10 g, were collected from each sampling spot. Results 26 species of acarid mites were identified from the three environments. These acarid mites belonged to 19 genera, 7 families. Diversity analysis showed that the average breeding density ranged from 15.35±6.13 to 31.27±8.34, the number of species ranged from 11 to 14, the values of the species richness index Rmargalef for the three circumstances raged from 1.99 to 4.35, the species diversity index (Shannon-Wiener index) ranged from 2.27 to 3.13, and Pielou index ranged from 0.95 to 0.96. Conclusion The composition and diversity of acaroid mite community in three different circumstances are different significantly, which might be relevant to temperature, humidity and human interference.