Table of Content

30 June 2008, Volume 26 Issue 3

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论著

Gene Synthesis， Expression and Immunogenicity Analysis of TSP₂ Hydrophilic Domain（TSP₂HD） of Schistosoma japonicum

YUChuan-xin;*;LIJian;YINXu-ren;HUAWan-quan;LIANGYou-sheng;GAOQi;

2008, 26(3):  1-165. 

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Objective To synthesize and express the gene of TSP₂ hydrophilic domain of Schistosoma japonicum，and investigate the immunogenicity of the recombinant TSP₂HD protein. Methods The whole DNA fragment encoding the TSP₂ hydrophilic domain was synthesized by overlapping PCR，and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The recombinant plasmid TSP₂HD-PG was constructed by inserting the purified TSP₂HD DNA fragment into expression vector pGEX-4T-3 and the GST-TSP₂HD fusion protein was expressed by transforming the recombinant plasmid TSP₂HD-PG into Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）and induced the recombinant with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside（IPTG）. The expressing situation of fusion protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The GST-TSP₂HD fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography with glutathione sepharose 4B gel, and the purified recombinant TSP₂HD protein was prepared by digesting the GST-TSP₂HD fusion protein with thrombin. The immuno-response of the recombinant TSP₂HD recognized by the pool sera of schistosomiasis patients and the pool sera of heavily infected rabbits was explored by Western blotting analysis. The immunogenicity of the recombinant TSP₂HD was investigated by comparing the difference of counts per minute（cpm） value of lymphocyte proliferation test between experiment group and control group. Results A 228 bp of TSP₂HD gene fragment was obtained after overlapping PCR of three times and its DNA sequence was confirmed by DNA sequencing，which was same to one of the native TSP₂HD. The recombinant containing recombinant plasmid TSP₂HD-PG expressed a soluble fusion protein of GST-TSP₂HD（Mr≈34 000） after being induced with IPTG. The purified recombinant TSP₂HD protein was obtained through digesting the GST-TSP₂HD fusion protein with thrombin. The recombinant TSP₂HD was recognized by pool sera of schistosomiasis patients and pool sera of infected rabbits, indicating that the recombinant TSP₂HD has a good response activity. The recombinant TSP₂HD also stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes in infected mouse，the cpm value of experiment group was higher than that of the control（P<0.01）. Conclusion The Sj TSP₂HD gene has been synthesized and expressed with immunogenicity which is similar to that of the native antigen.


Suppressive Effect of Induced CD4⁺CD25⁺ Regulatory T Cells from Mice Infected with Schistosoma japonicum

TANMing-juan;ZHANGYong-chen;WANGYong*;HUWei;LIANGYue-jin;ZHANGLi

2008, 26(3):  2-169、. 

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Objective To investigate the suppressive effect of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Methods BALB/c mice were infected with S. japonicum. At 6 and 13 weeks post-infection， the spleens were removed and CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells were separated by magnetic beads. In in vitro experiments， CD4⁺CD25⁺ T Cells were cocultured with CD4⁺CD25^- T cells. The inhibitory role of the CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells was assessed by［³H］ thymidine incorporation method and the cytokines in the cultural supernatant were detected by ELISA. In in vivo experiments, mice inoculated with irradiated cercariae of S. japonicum were adoptively transferred with CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells isolated from the mice chronically infected with S. japonicum. The intracellular cytokine expressions of splenocytes were performed by flow cytometry, and sera IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against irradiated cercaria antigens were detected by ELISA. Results ^{In vitro}， CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells were able to suppress the proliferation of CD4⁺CD25^- T cells when stimulated with SEA， compared with single CD4⁺CD25^- T cells culture （cpm 7 615±1 058） （P＜0.01）. Furthermore， CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells isolated from mice chronically infected with S. japonicum presented higher suppressive efficacy （cpm 2 336±490）， compared with that isolated from the acutely infected mice （cmp 4 467±144）（P＜0.05）. Meanwhile， CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells isolated from mice with the acute infection inhibited the cytokine secretion by CD4⁺CD25^- T cells and the suppression rate was 32.0% for IL-4 （P＜0.05）， 66.3% for IFN-γ （P＜0.01） and 63.2% for IL-2 （P＜0.01）， respectively，and CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells isolated from mice with the chronic infection， the suppression rate was 28.4% for IL-4 （P＜0.05），60.1% for IFN-γ （P＜0.01） and 58.3% for IL-2 （P＜0.01）， respectively. ^{In vivo}， IFN-γ secretion and IgG2a antibody production of mice adoptively transferred with CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells from the chronically infected mice were suppressed when mice were inoculated with irradiated cercariae of S. japonicum （P＜0.05）. Conclusion CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells isolated from mice infected with S. japon-icum have played roles of Th1-dominant immune suppression.


Up-expression of PD-1-PD-L Induced by Immunization with SEA and SMWA of Schistosoma japonicum in Mice

WANGLei;MOHong-mei_;;WANGQi-hong;JIANGZi-wei;CHENGYu-li;LIUWen-qi*;LIYong-long

2008, 26(3):  3-173. 

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Objective To explore the expression of PD-1-PD-L pathway of mice immunized with soluble egg antigen （SEA） or soluble male worm antigen （SMWA） of Schistosoma japonicum. Methods Eighteen BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups named as control group （A）， SEA immunized group （B） and SMWA immunized group （C）. Mice in groups B and C were subcutaneouly immunized weekly with SEA （50 μg） and SMWA（50 μg） of S. japonicum respectively. After 4 times immunization, the expression of programmed death-1（PD-1）, programmed death-ligand1（PD-L1） and PD-L2 in splenic cells was measured with flow cytometer. The expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ in cu-ltural suspension of splenic cells was detected by sandwich-ELISA after stimulation with ConA. Results The expression ratio of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 was extremely low in the control group, but increased after the immunization with SEA and SMWA. The expression ratio of PD-1 was （8.24±1.31）% in SEA immunized mice, higher than the mice immunized by SMWA ［（6.08±1.28）%］. PD-L2 was much more elevated in SEA immunized mice ［（5.26±1.73）%］ while PD-L1 more significantly increased with SMWA immunization ［（10.82±2.33）%］. In addition, the up-expression of PD-L1 was associated with the level of IFN-γ and the expression of PD-L2 was associated with IL-4 secretion. Conclusion The expression of PD-1-PDL was up-regulated in BALB/c mice immunized by SEA or SMWA of S. japonicum.


Establishment of Two-dimensional Differential Gel Electrophoresis Using Cerebrospinal Fluid from Neurocysticercosis Patients

LIJing-yi;TIANXiao-jun;HUANGYong;YANGYan-jun;MAQiao-rong;XUEYan-ping*

2008, 26(3):  4-178. 

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Objective To establish the method of two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and obtain high resolution 2D images from cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） of patients with neurocysticercosis. Methods CSF samples were collected from four patients diagnosed as neurocysticercosis clinically and by ELISA, computed tomography （CT） or magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）, and from four healthy subjects without neurological disorders. The CSF samples were precipitated with cold acetone, then pooled by equal amount as patients and controls. The internal standard comprised equal amounts of proteins extracted from both groups. Internal standard，and proteins from the two groups were labeled prior to electrophoresis with spectrally resolvable fluorescent dyes，cyanin dye2（Cy2），Cy3 and Cy5. Sodium dodecylsulfonate polyacrylamide gel chromatography （SDS-PAGE） and two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis （2-D DIGE） of labeled samples were then run. The differential expressed proteins showed in the images of SDS-PAGE and 2-D DIGE gels scanned with 488 nm，532 nm and 633 nm wavelength laser were analyzed by ImageQuant and DeCyde 5.0 respectively. Spot detection and quantification was performed for the differential in-gel analysis （DIA） module of DeCyder. Biological variation analysis （BVA） module of DeCyder was matched gel 1 and gel 2 images to provide data on differential protein expression levels between the two groups. Results The ImageQuant result displayed that the CSF protein was compatible with the dye，and the difference of protein amount was revealed by the difference of fluorescence intensity. DIA indicated that there were 896 and 894 protein dots on gel 1 and gel 2 respectively, and 90% of them were matched each other. BVA showed that there were 55 protein spots with different expressional level between neurocysticercosis and control groups. Protein spots with two-fold increase or decrease were 47 and 8 respectively in neurocysticercosis patients compared with healthy controls. Conclusion The method of 2-D DIGE has been established with high-resolution images for the examination of cerebrospinal fluid, providing a foundation for fur-ther study of neurocysticercosis comparative proteomics.


Prophylactic Immunization of Dangguibuxue Decoction Against Cryptosporidium Infection in Immune Suppressed Mice

ZHANGXiao-li;YUXin-hui;TANGXiao-yun;SONGBao-hui;LINGHong*;LIUYa-wei;WANGZhi-long

2008, 26(3):  5-182. 

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Objective To explore the prophylaxis of dangguibuxue decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine made from Angelica sinensis and Radix astragalus, on immunosuppressed mice infected by Cryptosporidium parvum. Methods 48 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control （A）, immunosuppressed control （B）, high dose （C）, and low dose （D）. Mice in groups B, C and D were intragastrically administered with dexamethasone （DXM） for 8 days, and in the same time mice in groups C and D were given high dose （2 g/kg） and low dose （1 g/kg） dangguibuxue decoction respectively. On the ninth day all mice in groups B, C and D were orally inoculated by 1×10 oocysts of C. parvum. The amount of oocysts in feces was examined daily since being infected. 11 days after infection, the subset of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood was analyzed with flow cytometry, sIL-2R in serum and sIgA of intestinal fluid were detected by ELISA. Pathological change of duodenum and jejunum was observed microscopically. Results Compared with the immuno-suppressed control group， there were less oocysts in feces （35.0±4.21） （P＜0.01） and lighter injury in the intestinal mucosa in mice of the high dose dangguibuxue decoction group. Both the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes （47.483±4.082） and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ （2.271±0.378） increased, sIgA [（320.19±1.94） ng/ml] in the intestinal fluid elevated and sIL-2R [（321.34±6.66) ng/ml] in peripheral blood decreased in the high dose group, with a significant difference in comparison to the immunosuppressed group（P＜0.01）. All the above-mentioned indices in low dose dangguibuxue decoction group showed no significant difference with the immunosuppressed control group （P＞0.05）. Conclusion Administration of high dose dangguibuxue decoction plays a role of prophylaxis on the infection of C. parvum in immunosuppressed mice through improving the immune status.


ITS and 28S rDNA-LSU Sequence Analysis of Orientobilharzia turkestanicum from Bovine and Caprine Hosts

QIUJian-hua;LILi;WANGChun-ren*;CHENJia;CHENAi-hua;ZHAIYan-qing

2008, 26(3):  6-186. 

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Objective To explore sequence differentiation of ITS and 28S rDNA-LSU of Orientobilharzia turkestanicum from bovine and caprine hosts. Methods Adult worms of O. turkestanicum from the naturally infected cattle, sheep, cashmere goat and goat were collected and identified morphologically as O. turkestanicum according to existing keys and descriptions. The genomic DNA was extracted from parasites of different hosts. The internal transcribed spacer （ITS, contains ITS-1, 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA, ITS-2） and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA-LSU were amplified by PCR, sequenced and analyzed by Chromas and DNASTAR softwares, and the RNA secondary structure of 28S rDNA-LSU was analyzed by DNAMAN software. Results ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS-2 and 28S rDNA-LSU of O. turkestanicum from bovine and caprine hosts were 384, 159, 331 and 1 304 bp, respectively. ITS-1 and 5.8S rDNA of O. turkestanicum from different definitive hosts were identical; ITS-2 of O. turkestanicum from cattle, sheep and cashmere goat were identical, with one nucleotide variation compared with that of goat; 28S rDNA-LSU of O. turkestanicum from sheep and cashmere goat were identical, with two nucleotides variation compared with that of cattle and goat. The RNA secondary structure of 28S rDNA LSU of O. turkestanicum from caprine hosts were identical or similar, but with large variation compared with that of cattle. Conclusion The rDNA sequence from different definitive hosts shows nucleotide variations to some extent and the RNA secondary structure of 28S rDNA-LSU from caprine hosts shows large variation in comparison to that of bovine.


Expression Analysis of Antibacterial Peptide Genes at Different Development Stages of Musca domestica

JINXiao-bao;WANGYan;ZHUJia-yong*;MAYan;CHUFu-jiang;YANGXiao-rong

2008, 26(3):  7-190. 

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Objective To explore the expression level of antibacterial peptide genes at the different development stages of Musca domestica. Methods Total RNA was extracted from eggs, 1st instar larvae, 2nd instar larvae, 3rd instar larvae, pupae and adults of M. domestica. After the primers for antibacterial peptide （cecropin, defensin and attacin） genes and GAPDH were designed respectively according to the reported M. domestica gene sequences in GenBank, semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect expression level of these genes in the development stages of M. dome-stica using GAPDH as inner control. Results The antibacterial peptide genes were detected with bandｓ of 210 bp, 300 bp and 650 bp at all development stages of M. domestica. The expression level in the 3rd instar larvae and adults were higher, with a band value of cecropin, defensin and attacin in relation to GAPDH of 1.61, 1.99, 1.62 and 1.47, 1.92, 1.59, respectively; while it was lower at eggs, 1st instar larvae and pupae with a band value of cecropin, defensin and attacin 0.49, 0.49, 0.42 and 0.72, 0.49, 0.64 and 0.65, 0.39, 0.91, respectively. Conclusion The antibacterial peptide genes express at all development stages of M. domestica with an evidently different expression level．


实验研究

Genetic Variation and Clustal Analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis Cysteine Proteases

JIAWan-zhong;LIZhi;ZHAOLiang;LUNZhao-rong*

2008, 26(3):  8-196. 

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Objective To clone the genes coding for cysteine proteases （CPs， TvCPs） from Trichomonas vaginalis and to analyze their genetic variations with the related sequences from NCBI database （GenBank） and T. vaginalis Genome Project database from The Institute for Genomic Research （TIGR）. Method TvCP genes were amplified using PCR， and inserted into vector pET28b or pBS-T. The recombinant plasmids were then transformed to Escherichia coli BL21 or Top10 strain. The recombinant plasmids were used for sequencing. Homologous TvCP genes were blasted based on NCBI GenBank and TIGR T. vaginalis Genome Project database. The sequences of cloned TvCP genes were aligned and clust-ered by Clustal X （1.83 version） with retrieved sequences. Comparisons of amino acids among cathepsin L-like TvCPs， human L-like cathepsins and papaya papain were performed using DNAstar software， and their phylogenic tree was constructed based on neighbor-joining method using Clustal X. Results Two TvCP3 clones and one TvCP2 had a high identity of more than 99% with their responding TvCPs. Three clones of TvCP4 genes， GZ-CP4-clone 1-3， belonged to two members of a family showing a high percentage identity of more than 97.5% with the sequences of TvCP4 genes from databases （GenBank and TIGR） both at amino acid and nucleotide levels. Nine homologous TvCP4 pro-enzymes with 304 amino acids and other two members with deletions of N-terminal sequence existed in T. vaginalis sharing a simil-arity of 62.3-96.7% amino acids， which may evolve by means of gene replication and deletion. TvCP1-4， TvCP12， TvCP25 and CP65 had an identity of 61-88.2% at amino acid levels. So far， all reported sequences of C1 family from T. vaginalis belonged to capanthesin L-like subfamily with the same enzymatic active sites， conserved cysteine residues and similar structural features such as ERFNIN-like motif in pro-enzyme region， suggesting that they might result from gene duplication and mutations. Conclusion TvCPs belong to cathepsin L-like family with genetic diversity， but they have the same active amino acid residues， cysteine residues and similar structural characteristics， suggesting that they may derive from one ancestor.


Cloning and Sequencing of the Gene Encoding Variant-Specific Surface Antigen from Giardia lamblia

LIYa-jie*;TENGMei-jun;LUNYong-zhi;LIDa;ZHANGYong-qing

2008, 26(3):  9-202. 

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Objective To clone and sequence variant-specific surface antigen gene from Giardia lamblia isolate SUCH/89/BTMRI/2（C2） derived from human in China. Methods Total genomic DNA of G. lamblia was extracted and a full-length variant-specific surface antigen gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The PCR product was cloned into pMD19-T simple-vector， transformed into an Escherichia coli JM109 strain and then sequenced.The sequence analysis for cloned fragment was finished by Vector NTI 9.0 software for the homology of Giardia variant-specific surface antigen gene to that of sequences publishend in GenBank. Results The full-length variant-specific surface antigen gene fragment from G. lamblia was found to be 2 142 bp， encoding a 713 amino acid polypeptide and contained a single open reading frame （ORF）. The deduced polypeptide sequence was rich in cysteine （11.8 mol%）， most of which occurred with in 29 copies of the 4-amino acid CXXC motif， one GGCY-tetrapeptide motifs and three NXS consensus N-linked glycosylation sites. This polypeptide was also rich in threonine （10.2 mol%）， glycine （12.1 mol%） and alanine （10.1 mol%）. Like other previously identified VSPs， it contained a highly conserved hydrophobic C-terminal region. The homology of G. lamblia SUCH/89/BTMRI/2(C2) variant-specific surface antigen gene to that of sequence（TSA417） published in GenBank was 99% both at the nueleotide and the amino acid levels. Conclusion The full length variant-specific surface antigen gene from the isolate of G. lamblia has the common characteristics with other previously identified VSPs.


Morphology of Ⅲ Stage Larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Pomacea canaliculata

ZHANGChao-wei;ZHOUXiao-nong;LVShan;ZHANGYi;LIUHe-xiang

2008, 26(3):  10-204. 

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Objective To observe the morphologic characteristics of Ⅲ stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis from Pomacea canaliculata. Methods P. canaliculata, the intermediate host snail of A. cantonensis, was infected with Ⅰstage larvae of A. cantonensis in laboratory. After 61 days, Ⅲ stage larvae of A. cantonensis were harvested from snail′s lungs and muscle of head-foot, followed by HE stain to observe morphological characteristics. Results The whole body of Ⅲ stage larva was curling with obtuse head. Its pharyngeal canal extends from the buccal hole on the top of the head to the intestines at the pharyngeal intestine joint place, with apex cauda and clear anal tube. The tegument of the Ⅲ stage larva was eosin-stained, with a transparent sheath outside of tegument. Some of the larvae cauda showed in circular cylinder, and some larvae presented ventral gland with two very short uterines which used to be the feature only showed in early Ⅳ stage larva. Conclusion Morphologicall characteristics of the Ⅲ stage larvae is helpful to better understand the life-cycle and the control of A. cantonensis.


现场研究

Evaluation Indices of Social Burden Caused by Advanced Schistosomiasis

DENGYao;ZHOUXiao-nong*;JIATie-wu;WANGXian-hong;YANGKun;WUXiao-hua;LIShi-zhu

2008, 26(3):  11-209. 

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Objective To study the evaluation indices and their weights of social burden caused by advanced schistosomiasis so as to provide scientific basis for control of the disease. Methods Primary indices of social burden evaluation for advanced schistosomiasis were summarized based on literature review. Secondary indices were put forward by a brainstorming process of experts. After the first round Delphi method, the secondary indices that needed were chosen, and the importance of primary indices was prioritized. Through the second and third round Delphi method, the weight of each secondary index was obtained. Results Four primary indices and 16 secondary indices consisted the index system of social burden induced by the disease. According to the significance, the 4 primary indices were arranged as social economy, government image, public psychology and social security. The weight of “funding for schistosomiasis control from central and local governments” in “social economic” stood the largest （14.063）, while that of “equity to patients” in “government image”, the smallest （3.125）. Conclusion The study covers all major aspects and their significance in social burden of advanced schistosomiasis, and an evaluation index system has been established for field validation.


综述

On a New Checklist of the Anopheline Mosquitoes in China with Rectification for Some Specific Names

QUFeng-yi;ZHUHuai-min

2008, 26(3):  12-216. 

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This paper presents a new revised “Checklist of the Anopheline Mosquitoes in China” based on the development of the mosquito-taxonomic researches during the years of 1988-2007. The new checklist contained 61 species （subspecies） of anopheline mosquitoes all in China. Twelve species among the past records were omitted because of their invalid specific names which were allocated into following categories： ① A doubtful record in China， with no typical specimen up to date since last century， e.g. Anopheles campestris reported in Yunnan； ② Misidentification： An. atroparvus and An. indiensis； ③ Confirmed as synonyms by hybridizing experiments or molecular identification， including 9 species as follows： An. changfus， An. dazhaius， An. kiangsuensis， An. anthropophagus， An. kunmingensis， An. xiaokuanus， An. junlianensis， An. yutsushiroensis （part） and An. fluviatilis. Meanwhile， the following rectified 4 anopheline mosquito species should be added to the new checklist： An. belenrae， An. lesteri， An. pullus， and An. baimaii.


Impact of Host Factors on the Schistosome-Killing Process Induced by Praziquantel

XIAOShu-hua

2008, 26(3):  13-225. 

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Experimental studies indicated that the killing process of schistosomes induced by praziquantel comprises two aspects， i.e. the direct effect of praziquantel on schistosomes and the host immune reaction. The former one appears in stimulation of worm activity， spasmodic contraction of worm musculatures and severe damage to the tegument， which results in hepatic shift of schistosomes， influence on the nutrition absorption， excretion/secretion and defense function of the tegument， followed by the secondary interference with the worm metabolism. While the latter one involves the destr-uction of the host concomitant immune mechanism after tegumental damage and peeling， which is unfavorable for worm survival. Particularly， the exposure of the worm surface antigen provides a target which can be attacked by specific anti-bodies. Therefore, the antischistosomal activity of praziquantel is immune-dependent. In this paper some host factors invo-lved in the killing process of schistosomes induced by praziquantel were summarized.


Prediction for Helper T Cell Epitopes and its Application in Vaccine Development against Parasite Infection

SHAODong-hua;FENGXin-gang

2008, 26(3):  14-233. 

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Cellular immunity plays an important role in defense against diseases， such as pathogenic infection，autoimmunity and tumor. With the progress of molecular immunology， mechanisms of T cellular immunity， and the T cell epitopes and functional genomics， studies on the prediction based on data-drived for T cell epitopes has been highlighted， and could be one of the useful tools for application in vaccine development. This review summarizes theory and method-ology of prediction for helper T cell epitopes， and their application in vaccine development against parasites， and new research directions are also discussed.


专家观点

Historical Review on the Classification and Rectification of Anopheles anthropophagus to An. lesteri in China

QUFeng-yi

2008, 26(3):  15-235. 

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This paper deals with the taxonomic status and specific names of Anopheles anthropophagus and An. lesteri, the important malaria transmitting vector in China. Based on a historical review of the literature recorded from the country, substantial evidence from morphological and molecular biological studies gives reason to convince that An. anthropophagus is a synonym of An. lesteri. A resurrection of the specific name of An. lesteri Baisas et Hu, 1936 brooks no delay.


震区防病

Preliminary Evaluation on the Transmission Potential of Visceral Leishmaniasis after Earthquake in Wenchuan

WANGQiang;LIShi-zhu;QIANYing-jun;WANGJun-yun;WUWei-ping;WANGRong-rong;WANGLi-ying;ZHOUXiao-nong*

2008, 26(3):  16-238. 

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Data of visceral leishmaniasis cases since 2005 were collected through the National Infectious Disease Monitoring System. Number of reported cases in 2005, 2006, 2007 and January to June in 2008 was 59, 49, 77 and 30 in Sichuan Province, and 92, 106, 162 and 83 respectively in Gansu Province. With an increase of the number of stray dogs and susceptible human population, damage of the medical services including diagnosis and treatment capacity after the earthquake, there might be a strengthened transmission potential and possible spread of the disease.


研究简报

Informatics Analysis of Malate Dehydrogenase from Taenia saginata asiatica

HUANGJiang*;HUXu-chu;HUANGYan;YUXin-bing;BAOHuai-en;LANGShu-yuan;LIAOXing-jiang

2008, 26(3):  17-227. 

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Tools from bioinformatics websites such as NCBI， ExPaSy were used for the analysis. The malate dehy-drogenase full-length gene from Taenia saginata asiatica was 1 212 bp in length， with a coding region of 30-1 028 bp and coding 332 amino acids. It was a complete and full-length gene compared with the homologues in GenBank. The protein showed no transmembrane region， with stable phycical-chemical characteristics. Three major linear epitopes located aa95-aa100, aa322-aa327 and aa117-aa122, with certain distance from each other on the surface of spatial structure of malate dehydrogenase（MDH）. The last one was the linear epitope of Taenia. This cytosolic malate dehydrogenase gene is a potential antigen for diagnosis.


Improved Staining Method for Permanent Specimen of Fasciolopsis buski

QIUSha-sha;DENGXiao*

2008, 26(3):  18-240. 

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Fasciolopsis buski speciemens were collected, fixed with neutral formalin fixative solution, stained with alum-carmine staining solution, discolored with 2% kalium alum. The fixed and stained specimen shows clear internal structure with bright color, and can be stored for long time.


病例报告

Malaria cases among those worked in and returned from Uganda

GAOMing

2008, 26(3):  19-封三. 

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First imported case of visceral leishmaniasis in Hainan Province

JIANGFei-ling;DENGBi-lan;LUJun;

2008, 26(3):  20-封二. 

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