2016—2019年四川省监测点棘球蚴病疫情分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解2016—2019年四川省监测点棘球蚴病疫情的动态变化,为下一步防控工作提供参考。方法 2016—2019年,每年采用B超检查四川省监测点范围内2周岁以上常住人口棘球蚴病患病情况,采集监测点范围内家犬、流浪犬粪样,ELISA检测犬粪棘球绦虫抗原情况,采用触检、剖检法检查监测县牲畜、啮齿目动物内脏,判定其感染情况。结果 35个监测点人群监测结果显示,2016—2019年棘球蚴病新患者检出率呈逐年降低,由2016年的0.15%（72/48 976）降至2019年的0.02%（13/81 725）（P < 0.05）。新检出患者共115例,其中80.87%（93/115）来自于甘孜州;多房棘球蚴病患者占59.13%（68/115）,细粒棘球蚴病患者占38.26%（44/115）,肝外棘球蚴病患者占2.61%（3/115）。2016—2019年家犬和流浪犬的粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率分别为1.19%（28/2 348）、2.35%（52/2 212）、3.43%（69/2 010）、0.95%（35/3 668）和2.87%（13/453）、2.00%（8/400）、4.69%（15/320）、0.80%（5/624）,不同年份间阳性率差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,2019年较2016年分别下降了20%、72%;中间宿主牲畜感染检出率分别为4.45%（146/3 283）、1.53%（50/3 273）、2.93%（75/2 564）、2.18%（89/4 078）,啮齿目动物感染检出率分别为1.71%（123/7 204）、2.48%（185/7 470）、1.19%（67/5 613）、1.47%（154/10 477）,不同年份间感染检出率差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,2019年较2016年分别下降了51%、14%。结论 2016—2019年四川省棘球蚴病患者检出率、犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率和中间宿主感染检出率总体呈下降趋势,犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率和中间宿主感染检出率仍存在波动。

关键词: 四川省, 棘球蚴病, 监测, 疫情

Abstract:

Objective To understand the dynamic changes of echinococcosis endemic in Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2019, in order to provide reference for further prevention and control. Methods In 2016—2019, ultrasonographic examination was carried out to detect echinococcosis in the permanent residents aged over 2 years within the surveillance sites of Sichuan Province. Feces of domestic dogs and stray dogs were collected for detection of Echinococcus coproantigen, and internal organs of livestock and rodents in the surveillance counties were examined by palpation and necropsy to identify hydatid infection. Results Population surveillance at 35 sites showed that the detection rate of new cases of echinococcosis showed a trend of decrease from 0.15% (72/48 976) in 2016 to 0.02% (13/81 725) in 2019 (P < 0.05). A total of 115 new patients were detected, of them 80.87% (93/115) were from Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Among the new cases, 59.13% (68/115) were of alveolar echinococcosis (AE), 38.26% (44/115) cystic echinococcosis (CE), and 2.61% (3/115) were found to be extrahepatic echinococcosis. The positive rates of Echinococcus coproantigen in domestic dogs from 2016 to 2019 were 1.19% (28/2 348), 2.35% (52/2 212), 3.43% (69/2 010) and 0.95% (35/3 668), and in stray dogs 2.87%(13/453), 2.00% (8/400), 4.69% (15/320) and 0.80% (5/624), respectively, with significant difference between the years (P < 0.05), and these rates in 2019 decreased by 20% and 72% compared to 2016. During 2016—2019, the prevalence in livestock were 4.45% (146/3 283), 1.53% (50/3 273), 2.93% (75/2 564) and 2.18% (89/4 078), and the prevalence in rodents were 1.71% (123/7 204), 2.48% (185/7 470), 1.19% (67/5 613) and 1.47% (154/10 477), respectively, with significant difference between the years (P < 0.05), and the prevalence in 2019 decreased by 51% and 14% compared to that in 2016. Conclusion The detection rate of new echinococcosis cases, the positive rate of dog coproantigen, the infection rate in intermediate hosts showed a overall decreasing trend from 2016 to 2019 in Sichuan Province, but the positive rate of dog coproantigen and infection rate in intermediate hosts were fluctuated.

Key words: Sichuan province, Echinococcosis, Surveillance, Endemic

中图分类号:

R532.32

廖沙, 王奇, 何伟, 张光葭, 喻文杰, 杨柳, 姚人新, 李汭芮, 黄燕, 刘阳, 钟波, 王谦. 2016—2019年四川省监测点棘球蚴病疫情分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(2): 139-144.

LIAO Sha, WANG Qi, HE Wei, ZHANG Guang-jia, YU Wen-jie, YANG Liu, YAO Ren-xin, LI Rui-rui, HUANG Yan, LIU Yang, ZHONG Bo, WANG Qian. Epidemiology of echinococcosis at the disease surveillance spots in Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2021, 39(2): 139-144.

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年份 Year	监测点数/个No. surveillan sites	不同流行程度监测点数/个 No. surveillance sites at different degrees of endemic			细粒棘球蚴病流行区监测点数/个 No. CE endemic counties	混合型流行区监测点数/个 No. CE and AE endemic counties	监测范围 Surveillance scope
年份 Year	监测点数/个No. surveillan sites	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	细粒棘球蚴病流行区监测点数/个 No. CE endemic counties	混合型流行区监测点数/个 No. CE and AE endemic counties	（乡）镇数/个 No. towns	行政村数/个 No. villages	常驻人口数 Resident population
2016	22	10	9	3	11	11	23	118	62 296
2017	19	10	9	0	10	9	20	105	53 537
2018	19	10	9	0	10	9	20	105	53 537
2019	35	12	15	8	20	15	40	226	96 632