Objective The protein components of cyst fluid of Cysticercus cellulosae were analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) to identify the expression profile of C. cellulosae, The protein profile of Cysticercus fluid can be used to screen for the specific antigens as diagnostic markers and analyze the function of Cysticercus protein components involved in the invasion and survival of Cysticercus in the host. Methods The cystic fluid was aseptically collected from an infected pig and the protein components of the fluid was analyzed by LC-MS/MS after being digested with trypsin. The Blast2Go software was used for the comparison and annotation, and Gene Ontology (GO) was used to analyze classification of the annotated protein components. Results A total of 486 proteins were obtained by LC-MS/MS analysis, 158 of them were known proteins and the rest 328 were unknown proteins after being analyzed by searching with Mascot 2.2 software. The primary searching results identified that cystic fluid contains four highly abundant proteins (8 kDa glycoprotein, annexin, enolase, trypsin-like protein), and other specific antigens and a variety of enzymes, mainly located intracellularly and as cell components, of which annexin has binding functions mainly involved in a series of calcium-dependent membrane-type biological activities. The enolase has ionic binding function and hydrolase activity involved in the regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor and the glycolytic pathway. The results of GO analysis showed that 65 proteins were located intracellularly, 64 proteins located in the cell components, 25 proteins located in the organelles, and the rest located in the organelles, protein complexes, extracellular regions and cell membranes. In terms of molecular functions of identified proteins, 72 proteins have catalytic activities, 74 proteins have binding functions, and the remaining proteins are involved in transporter activities, molecular function regulators, structural molecular activities, etc. In terms of biological process classification, 69 proteins are involved in the cell process, 73 involved in the metabolic process, and 11 involved in the regulation of biological processes, signals, response to stimuli and cell localization. Conclusion The proteomic results of cyst fluid of Cysticercus identified a total of 486 known or unknown proteins, 4 of them are highly abundant proteins that can be used as candidate antigens for immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis. The identified enzymes may play important roles in the interaction between C. cellulosae and the host, providing a basis for further exploration of the invasion and parasitic mechanism of C. cellulosae.