Objective To investigate the prevalence of human soil-transmitted helminth infections in Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control strategies and optimization and adjustment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control measures. Methods Several counties (districts) were selected from Chongqing Municipality annually during the period from 2017 to 2024 as surveillance points, according to the requirements of the National Surveillance Protocol for Clonorchiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases (Trial). Each surveillance county was divided into five geographical regions (eastern, western, southern, northern, and central), and one administrative village from one township was randomly selected from each region for surveillance programs, with at least 200 individuals surveyed in each village, and at least 1 000 individuals surveyed in each surveillance county. Stool samples were collected from participants, and soil-transmitted helminth eggs were detected using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (two slides per stool sample). In addition, the hookworm species was identified with the test-tube filter-paper cultivation technique, and the prevalence and intensity of infections with hookworm species were calculated. Differences of proportions were tested for statistical significance with chi-square test. Results A total of 61 430 residents were detected for soil-transmitted helminth infections from 2017 to 2024, with an overall prevalence of 3.05% (1 875/61 430), and the prevalence of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura were 2.66% (1 636/61 430), 0.36% (220/61 430), and 0.06% (35/61 430), respectively. Hookworm larvae were successfully identified in 777 stool samples, including 500 samples identified with Necator americanus and 277 with Ancylostoma duodenale. The annual prevalence rates of human soil-transmitted helminth infections were 6.91% (424/6 132), 5.75% (354/6 157), 3.87% (238/6 149), 1.23% (76/6 155), 2.89% (236/8 159), 0.50% (56/11 093), 2.84% (258/9 069), and 2.74% (233/8 516) in Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2024, respectively (χ² = 791.302, P < 0.01). The highest prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections was seen in the western Chongqing areas (4.63%, 577/12 466), and the lowest recorded in central urban areas (0.89%, 161/18 179). In terms of gender distribution, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections was 3.02% (873/28 881) among men and 3.08% (1 002/32 549) among women (χ² = 0.160, P > 0.05). Of participants, the highest prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections was detected among residents at ages of 70 years and older by age groups (6.01%, 681/11 337), among farmers by occupations (4.77%, 1 699/35 641), and among illiterate or semi-literate individuals by educational levels (5.08%, 206/4 056). There are significant differences in the prevalence of human soil-transmitted helminth infections in terms of regions, age groups, occupations, and education levels (χ² = 535.934, 833.397, 850.287, and 534.637, respectively; all P values < 0.05). Mild infections predominated among individuals with hookworm, A. lumbricoides, and T. trichiura infections, and the proportions of mild, moderate, and severe infections were 92.30% (1 510/1 636), 4.28% (70/1 636), and 3.42% (56/1 636) among individuals with hookworm infections, respectively. The highest infection intensity was 65 520 among individuals with hookworm infections, 297 792 among individuals with A. lumbricoides, and 2 568 among individuals with T. trichiura infections. Conclusion The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Chongqing Municipality from 2017 to 2024; however, the prevalence remained high in some districts (counties) of western Chongqing areas. Severe hookworm infections were concentrated among the elderly residents. Improved control efforts and health education are required targeting high-prevalence areas and high-risk populations.