Objective To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in canines and the risk factors and behaviors for human echinococcosis in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of precise echinococcosis control in this region. Methods Pastoral dog-raising households were randomly sampled from 11 townships of Banma County, Dari County and Jiuzhi County in Guoluo for surveying on risk factors for domestic dog infection using a random sampling method in 2025, and fresh or apparently intact fecal samples were collected from domestic dogs and wild canines. A multiplex quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was employed to detect Echinococcus infection status in fecal samples. Based on the previous surveys, the risk factors and behaviors of human echinococcosis were examined in Bama County and Dari County, Guoluo in 2025. Univariate analysis was performed with a history of human echinococcosis as an dependent variable, and a logistic regression model was created to identify independent factors affecting the development of human echinococcosis. All statistical analyses were performed with the statistical software SPSS 25.0, and chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of constituent ratios. Results A total of 945 canine fecal samples were collected, including 696 fecal samples from domestic dogs and 249 fecal samples from wild canines. The overall prevalence of Echinococcus was 1.59% (15/945) in dog feces, and the detection of Echinococcus was higher in fecal samples from domestic dogs than those from wild dogs [0.43% (3/696) vs. 4.82% (12/249); χ² = 19.885, P < 0.01]. A total of 459 questionnaires on risk factors for Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs were collected. The analysis showed that the fecal positivity rate in domestic dogs differed significantly among different tying methods(χ² = 8.400, P < 0.05), while no statistical significance was found for the other risk factors (P > 0.05). A total of 400 questionnaires pertaining to human echinococcosis behaviors, and 346 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 86.50%. The awareness and qualification rates of echinococcosis control knowledge were 86.12% (1 788/2 076) and 86.99% (301/346). A significant difference was found in the qualification rate of human echinococcosis knowledge between Banma County (96.95%, 159/164) and Dari County (78.02%, 142/182) (χ² = 25.672, P < 0.05), and significant differences were detected in the qualification rate among individuals with dog breeding at home, presence of stray dogs or wild canines near the residence, behaviors of lying on grass or biting grass, and household disposal of raw bovine and goat viscera (χ² = 18.155, 5.115, 3.958, 32.647; all P < 0.05). The univariate analysis results showed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of human echinococcosis between Banma County and Dari County (χ² = 4.984, P < 0.05), and significant differences were found in the prevalence of human echinococcosis in terms of populations, age groups, education level, dog breeding at home, presence of stray dogs or wild canines near the residence, and behaviors of lying on grass or biting grass (χ² = 9.298, 14.202, 10.426, 8.082, 7.247, all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age group (OR = 2.075, 95% CI: 1.041 to 4.138), education level (OR = 0.440, 95% CI: 0.224 to 0.865), dog breeding at home (OR = 2.482, 95% CI: 1.017 to 6.057), and presence of stray dogs or wild canines near the residence (OR = 3.094, 95% CI: 1.096 to 8.732) as independent factors affecting the prevalence of human echinococcosis. Conclusion The management of Echinococcus infections is satisfactory in domestic dogs raised by pastoral households in Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province; however, there are persistent risk factors for human Echinococcus infections, which requires reinforced health education for pastoral households and standardized management for canine breeding. Given the high prevalence of Echinococcus infections in wild canines, the control system targeting wild canines needs to be optimized to consolidate the gained echinococcosis control achievements.