Objective To understand and evaluate the implementation quality and problems of current schistosomiasis surveillance programmes in China, so as to provide insights into facilitating schistosomiasis surveillance programme. Methods In October to December, 2024, a total of 22 counties (county-level cities or districts, hereinafter referred to as “counties”) were sampled using a quota sampling method from 13 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities, hereinafter referred to as “provinces”) where national schistosomiasis surveillance programmes were implemented. Based on Information technology―Evaluation indicators for data quality (GB/T 36344-2018) and the expert meeting method, evaluation indicators were proposed to assess the quality of the surveillance programmes, including standardization, integrity, accuracy, consistency, and timeliness. A total of 50 subjects’ serum samples, 30 Kato-Katz slides (all slides were examined if less than 30 slides collected from residents were available), and 10 snail survey environments were sampled from each survey county for re-reviews. The indicator scores were analyzed using the equal weighting method, and the average scores and the coincidence rates of serum and etiologic re-review samples were calculated. In addition, the difference in the average score was compared with rank sum test between elimination, nonendemic areas and non-elimination areas. Results The 22 evaluation counties included 7 surveillance counties and 2 nonendemic counties in schistosomiasis elimination provinces, and 13 epidemic surveillance counties in non-elimination provinces. The average score was (9.04 ± 0.79) points in 22 evaluation counties, and (8.92 ± 0.76) points in surveillance counties in non-elimination provinces and (9.22 ± 0.83) points in surveillance and nonendemic counties in elimination provinces (Z = -0.889, P > 0.05). The average scores for standardization, integrity, accuracy, consistency, and timeliness of schistosomiasis surveillance programmes were (1.86 ± 0.35), (1.73 ± 0.46), (1.77 ± 0.43), (1.95 ± 0.21), and (1.73 ± 0.46) points in 22 survey counties, respectively. Among the survey counties, there were 3 counties with insufficient surveillance funds, 6 with incomplete original records of snail surveys, 3 with inconsistent qualitative between original and re-review results of 7 serum samples, 3 with inaccurate snail monitoring results (including longitude and latitude of snail surveillance, and snail survey diagram), 1 with inconsistent original data with total numbers in statistical tables, and 6 with failure in timely data update, entry, and management. Conclusion The quality of national schistosomiasis surveillance programmes is high in surveillance counties in China; however, the timeliness and standardization remain to be further improved. Sustainable fund and material supports and improved capability through training among monitoring professionals are required to ensure the quality of surveillance programmes.