Objective To investigate the current status of and trends in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in China, so as to provide insights into management of soil-transmitted helminthiasi. Methods In 2022, a nationwide surveillance of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was conducted at designated surveillance sites of soil-transmitted helminthiasis across 30 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) in China (this survey was not conducted in Xizang), and a unified sampling method was employed in each surveillance site. One administrative village was selected from eastern, western, southern, northern and central regions, respectively. Two hundred permanent residents at ages of 3 years and older were sampled using a cluster sampling method from each administrative village, with a total of 1 000 individuals in a surveillance site. Participants’ stool samples were collected and tested for STH infections and egg counts using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slides for one sample). The prevalence and intensity of STH infections were calculated, and differences of prevalence were tested for statistical significance with chi-square test. Five households were randomly selected from each administrative village, and one soil sample was collected from each household farmland/vegetable garden for isolation and characterization of hookworm larvae and detection of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. Results A total of 363 603 residents from 354 surveillance sites in 30 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) were surveyed for STH infections, with an overall infection prevalence of 0.64% (2 330/363 603), with the highest prevalence detected in Sichuan Province (4.53%, 776/17 149), followed by in Yunnan Province (4.31%, 646/14 974) and Hainan Province (3.98%, 123/3 089). Fifteen provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities), including Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Shandong, Qinghai, Guangxi, Ningxia, Anhui, Hunan, Gansu, Shanxi, Liaoning, and Guangdong, showed prevalence ranging from 0.10% to 1.50%. Seven provinces (autonomous regions), namely Jilin, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, and Hebei, exhibited prevalence between > 0 and < 0.10%. No infected cases were detected in five provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities): Beijing, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, and Tianjin. The prevalence of STH infections was higher among females (0.72%, 1 332/184 152) than among males (0.56%, 998/179 451) (χ² = 39.89, P < 0.05). The highest prevalence of STH infections was detected among residents at ages of 60 years and older (1.00%, 1 014/100 963). The differences in prevalence among age groups were statistically significant (χ² = 366.01, P < 0.05). The prevalence rates of hookworm, A. lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura were 0.39% (1 410/363 603), 0.16% (569/363 603), and 0.14% (494/363 603), with mild infections accounting for 94.47% (1 332/1 410), 71.00% (404/569), 91.50% (452/494), respectively. Both A. lumbricoides eggs and hookworm larvae were detected in soil samples from farmlands and vegetable gardens. The detection rates of A. lumbricoides eggs and hookworm larvae were 1.24% (29/2 335) and 1.11% (26/2 335), respectively. Conclusion The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis is low in China; however, there are high regional and human disparities. Tailored prevention and control measures should be implemented to promote transmission control and interruption of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in China.