CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES >
Research progress on diagnostic techniques for sparganosis mansoni
Received date: 2024-06-12
Revised date: 2024-07-29
Online published: 2025-01-14
Supported by
Key Discipline Project of Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (2023-2025)(GWVI-11.1-12);National Parasite Resource Bank(NPRC-2019-194-30)
Sparganosis mansoni is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with plerocercoid, the larval stage of Sparganum mansoni, which is prevalent globally and poses a great threat to human health. S. mansoni plerocercoid may migrate in the human body, and misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of sparganosis mansoni are common because of variable sites of parasitization, diverse clinical symptoms and lack of specific manifestations. Precision diagnosis of sparganosis is therefore of great importance. Currently, a variety of assays have been used for the diagnosis of human sparganosis mansoni. This review summarizes the advances in the pathogenic, imaging, immunological and molecular biological techniques for diagnosis of sparganosis mansoni, so as to provide insights into further studies on the diagnostic techniques of sparganosis mansoni.
Key words： Sparganosis mansoni; Diagnosis; Research progress
GUO Jiatian , LIN Lin , LU Yan . Research progress on diagnostic techniques for sparganosis mansoni[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024 , 42(6) : 776 -782 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2024.06.013
| [1] | Wang Y, Gan XX. Research progress in diagnosis of sparganosis mansoni[J]. Chin J Zoonoses, 2007, 23(9): 942-944. (in Chinese) |
| (王越, 干小仙. 曼氏裂头蚴病诊断研究进展[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2007, 23(9): 942-944.) | |
| [2] | Lu G, Shi DZ, Lu YJ, et al. Retrospective epidemiological analysis of sparganosis in mainland China from 1959 to 2012[J]. Epidemiol Infect, 2014, 142(12): 2654-2661. |
| [3] | Kim JG, Ahn CS, Sohn WM, et al. Human sparganosis in Korea[J]. J Korean Med Sci, 2018, 33(44): e273. |
| [4] | Li MW, Song HQ, Li C, et al. Sparganosis inmainland China[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2011, 15(3): e154-6. |
| [5] | Liu W, Gong TF, Chen SY, et al. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of sparganosis in Asia[J]. Animals, 2022, 12(12): 1578. |
| [6] | Qiu MH, Qiu MD. Human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis: Ⅱ.A historical review on pathology, clinics, epidemiology and control[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2009, 27(3): 251-260. (in Chinese) |
| (裘明华, 裘明德. 人裂头蚴病和无头蚴病: Ⅱ.病理学、临床、流行病学及控制的过去和现在[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2009, 27(3): 251-260.) | |
| [7] | Lin XM, Wang ZQ. Overview of clinical features of sparganosis mansoni in China[J]. J Pathog Biol, 2011, 6(6): 467-468, 471. (in Chinese) |
| (蔺西萌, 王中全. 我国曼氏裂头蚴病临床特征概述[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2011, 6(6): 467-468, 471.) | |
| [8] | He M. Study on pathogen identification method for diagnosis of sparganosis mansoni infection[D]. Changsha: Central South University, 2012. (in Chinese) |
| (贺美. 曼氏裂头蚴感染诊断的病原鉴定方法研究[D]. 长沙: 中南大学, 2012.) | |
| [9] | Zhu YL, Ye LQ, Ding XS, et al. Cerebral sparganosis presenting with atypical postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging findings: a case report and literature review[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2019, 19(1): 748. |
| [10] | Zeng QR, He M, Wang F, et al. Pathogen identification of 10 suspected cases of sparganosis mansoni[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2012, 30(3): 224-227, 232. (in Chinese) |
| (曾庆仁, 贺美, 王芳, 等. 10例疑似曼氏裂头蚴病的病原学诊断[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2012, 30(3): 224-227, 232.) | |
| [11] | Jiang HT, Chen Y. Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of cerebral sparganosis[J]. Guizhou Med J, 2008, 32(12): 1139-1143. (in Chinese) |
| (蒋红涛, 陈艳. 脑裂头蚴病诊断与治疗研究进展[J]. 贵州医药, 2008, 32(12): 1139-1143.) | |
| [12] | Chen HL, Lei CQ, Chen Y, et al. Sparganosis mansoni induced by eating living frog-a case report[J]. J Pract Parasit Dis, 2002(3): 134. (in Chinese) |
| (陈华良, 雷昌球, 陈颖, 等. 生吞活蛙感染曼氏裂头蚴1例报道[J]. 实用寄生虫病杂志, 2002(3): 134.) | |
| [13] | Yang GF, Chen SP, Lin Z. A case report of sparganosis mansoni in scrotum[J]. Chin J Urol, 2002, 23(5): 278-278. (in Chinese) |
| (杨桂芳, 陈仕平, 林震. 阴囊曼氏迭宫绦虫裂头蚴虫病一例报告[J]. 中华泌尿外科杂志, 2002, 23(5): 278-278.) | |
| [14] | Zhu Y, Chen XM, Lin YP. A case report of sparganosis monteggiain children’s urinary tract[J]. Chin J Pract Pediatr, 1994, 9(2): 127. (in Chinese) |
| (朱英, 陈新民, 林云鹏. 小儿尿路孟氏裂头蚴病1例报告[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志, 1994, 9(2): 127.) | |
| [15] | Cheng YL, Wang RB, Kong LF, et al. A case of subcutaneous sparganosis of Taenia mansoni and literature review[J]. J Trop Dis Parasitol, 2018, 16(1): 53-54. (in Chinese) |
| (程银玲, 王荣宝, 孔令锋, 等. 曼氏迭宫绦虫皮下裂头蚴病1例并文献复习[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2018, 16(1): 53-54.) | |
| [16] | Chi JG, Chi HS, Lee SH. Histopathologic study on human sparganosis[J]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 1980, 18(1): 15-23. |
| [17] | Tsou MH, Huang TW. Pathology of subcutaneous sparganosis: report of two cases[J]. Taiwan Yi Zhi, 1993, 92(7): 649-653. |
| [18] | Huang XL, Li ZS, Deng ZQ, et al. A case of sparganosis mansoni and it’s diagnosis and treatment[J]. Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci Ed, 1999, 45(4): 515-516. (in Chinese) |
| (黄晓玲, 李宗山, 邓子琴, 等. 曼氏裂头蚴病例及其诊治[J]. 武汉大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 45(4): 515-516.) | |
| [19] | Li SH, Cui LM, Liu B, et al. Analysis on a ten-year misdiagnosis of cutaneous sparganosis[J]. J Jilin Univ Med Ed, 2003, 29(3): 361-362. (in Chinese) |
| (李淑红, 崔黎明, 刘冰, 等. 皮肤裂头蚴病误诊十年分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2003, 29(3): 361-362.) | |
| [20] | Liu C, Chen Z, Shaban UT, et al. Misdiagnosis of cerebral sparganosis coexisting with HIV/AIDS: a case report[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2022, 117: 264-266. |
| [21] | Gao LM, Liao SC, Gao JJ, et al. A case report of cerebral sparganosis[J]. Chin J Nerv Ment Dis, 2005, 31(4): 315. (in Chinese) |
| (高利民, 廖述才, 高晋建, 等. 脑裂头蚴病1例报告[J]. 中国神经精神疾病杂志, 2005, 31(4): 315.) | |
| [22] | Chang KH, Cho SY, Chi JG, et al. Cerebral sparganosis: CT characteristics[J]. Radiology, 1987, 165(2): 505-510. |
| [23] | Chang KH, Chi JG, Cho SY, et al. Cerebral sparganosis: analysis of 34 cases with emphasis on CT features[J]. Neuroradiology, 1992, 34(1): 1-8. |
| [24] | Ding YJ, Liu J. CT and MRI diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis[J]. Jiangxi Sci, 2017, 35(5): 698-701. (in Chinese) |
| (丁耀军, 柳健. 脑裂头蚴病的CT、MRI诊断[J]. 江西科学, 2017, 35(5): 698-701.) | |
| [25] | Jin X, Tan JL, Sun ZQ, et al. Experience in diagnosis and successful removal of live worms for cerebral echinococcosis[J]. J Clin Neurosurg, 2019, 16(6): 518-521, 526. (in Chinese) |
| (金鑫, 谭家亮, 孙祯卿, 等. 脑裂头蚴病的诊断及手术取出活虫的经验[J]. 临床神经外科杂志, 2019, 16(6): 518-521, 526.) | |
| [26] | Moon WK, Chang KH, Cho SY, et al. Cerebral sparganosis: MR imaging versus CT features[J]. Radiology, 1993, 188(3): 751-757. |
| [27] | Shi DM, Wang XL, Chen L, et al. Clinical characteristics and misdiagnosis analysis of sparganosis: a retrospective study of 52 cases[J]. J Diagn Concepts Pract, 2020, 19(1): 37-43. (in Chinese) |
| (史冬梅, 王晓琳, 陈璐, 等. 曼氏裂头蚴病52例临床特点及误诊分析[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2020, 19(1): 37-43.) | |
| [28] | Xu Y, Wan H, Hong DJ, et al. Cerebral clinical features and outcome of 123 patients with sparganosis[J]. Jiangxi Med J, 2017, 52(4): 286-289. (in Chinese) |
| (徐芸, 万慧, 洪道俊, 等. 123例曼氏裂头蚴病的临床特点及治疗观察[J]. 江西医药, 2017, 52(4): 286-289.) | |
| [29] | Chang KH, Han MH, Roh JK, et al. Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of the brain in patients with meningitis: comparison with CT[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1990, 154(4): 809-816. |
| [30] | Liu D, Zhu W, Zhou AY, et al. Ultrasound in diagnosis of subcutaneous sparganosis mansoni recurrence: case report[J]. Chin J Interv Imag Ther, 2016, 13(9): 584. (in Chinese) |
| (刘丹, 朱皖, 周爱云, 等. 超声诊断皮下曼氏裂头蚴病复发1例[J]. 中国介入影像与治疗学, 2016, 13(9): 584.) | |
| [31] | Jin Y, Jiao D, Shi WD. Ultrasonic manifestations of sparganosis mansoniintestis: a case report[J]. Chin J Ultrasound Med, 2010, 26(6): 575. (in Chinese) |
| (金颖, 焦丹, 石卫东. 睾丸曼氏裂头蚴病超声表现1例[J]. 中国超声医学杂志, 2010, 26(6): 575.) | |
| [32] | Chen CX. Ultrasonic manifestations of sparganosis of breast: a case report[J]. J Clin Ultrasound Med, 2011, 13(12): 861. (in Chinese) |
| (陈昌秀. 乳腺裂头蚴病的超声表现1例[J]. 临床超声医学杂志, 2011, 13(12): 861.) | |
| [33] | Cho JH, Lee KB, Yong TS, et al. Subcutaneous and musculoskeletal sparganosis: imaging characteristics and pathologic correlation[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 2000, 29(7): 402-408. |
| [34] | Yoon KC, Seo MS, Park SW, et al. Eyelid sparganosis[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2004, 138(5): 873-875. |
| [35] | Liu CH, Liu F, Yu XJ, et al. The clinical application value of MRI in cerebral sparganosis[J]. Radiol Pract, 2019, 34(9): 975-979. (in Chinese) |
| (刘长华, 刘飞, 余晓洁, 等. MRI在脑裂头蚴病中的临床应用价值[J]. 放射学实践, 2019, 34(9): 975-979.) | |
| [36] | Tu YR. Epidemiological investigation and clinical diagnosis and treatment of cerebral sparganosis in Jiangxi Province[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2012. (in Chinese) |
| (涂杳然. 江西省脑裂头蚴病的流行病学调查及临床诊治研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2012.) | |
| [37] | Xu YM, Xie Q, Li SB, et al. Analysis of clinical features in 12 patients with sparganosis mansoni[J]. J Diagn Concepts Pract, 2008, 7(3): 326-329. (in Chinese) |
| (徐玉敏, 谢青, 李世波, 等. 曼氏裂头蚴病12例临床特点分析[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2008, 7(3): 326-329.) | |
| [38] | Song WJ, Tang F, Wu W, et al. Clinical analysis of 15 cases of sparganosis mansoni[J]. J Trop Med, 2022, 22(1): 103-106. (in Chinese) |
| (宋文静, 唐凤, 吴伟, 等. 15例曼氏裂头蚴病病例临床分析[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2022, 22(1): 103-106.) | |
| [39] | Lu Y, Chen JX, Song P, et al. Construction of a cDNA library for Sparganum mansoni and screening of diagnostic antigen cadidates[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2021, 33(4): 380-386. (in Chinese) |
| (卢艳, 陈家旭, 宋鹏, 等. 曼氏裂头蚴cDNA文库的构建及诊断候选抗原筛选[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2021, 33(4): 380-386.) | |
| [40] | Hu DD, Cui J, Xiao D, et al. Identification of early diagnostic antigens from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Sparganum soluble proteins using immunoproteomics[J]. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2014, 45(3): 576-583. |
| [41] | Kavana N, Sonaimuthu P, Kasanga C, et al. Seroprevalence of sparganosis in rural communities of northern Tanzania[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2016, 95(4): 874-876. |
| [42] | Kim H, Kim SI, Cho SY. Serological diagnosis of human sparganosis by means of micro-ELISA[J]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 1984, 22(2): 222-228. |
| [43] | Qi XL, Xiong ZJ, Kong RJ. Detection of antibodies against sparganosis mansoni in experimental mice by ELISA[J]. J Jinan Univ, 1993, 14(4): 150-151. (in Chinese) |
| (戚锡亮, 熊钟瑾, 孔如静. ELISA法检测实验小白鼠曼氏迭宫绦虫裂头蚴病抗体[J]. 暨南大学学报(自然科学与医学版), 1993, 14(4): 150-151.) | |
| [44] | Choi SH, Kang SY, Kong Y, et al. Antigenic protein fractions reacting with sera of sparganosis patients[J]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 1988, 26(3): 163-167. |
| [45] | Rahman M, Lee EG, Bae YA. Two-dimensional immunoblot analysis of antigenic proteins of Spirometra plerocercoid recognized by human patient sera[J]. Parasitol Int, 2011, 60(2): 139-143. |
| [46] | Zhou JC, Zeng QR, Peng XC. Immunological characteristics and specific antibody detection of Sparganum mansoni antigen[J]. J Cent South Univ Med Sci, 1995, 20(3): 206-208. (in Chinese) |
| (周金春, 曾庆仁, 彭先楚. 曼氏迭宫绦虫裂头蚴抗原的免疫特性及特异性抗体检测[J]. 湖南医科大学学报, 1995, 20(3): 206-208.) | |
| [47] | Li N, Wang ZQ, Cui J, et al. Specific diagnostic antigens in excretory-secretory products of Sparganum mansoni[J]. J Pathog Biol, 2010, 5(9): 680-682, 654. (in Chinese) |
| (李楠, 王中全, 崔晶, 等. 曼氏裂头蚴排泄分泌物中特异性诊断抗原的研究[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2010, 5(9): 680-682, 654.) | |
| [48] | Cui J, Wang ZQ, Zhang D. Studies on specific diagnostic antigens in excretory-secretory products from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2003, 21(5): 12-15. (in Chinese) |
| (崔晶, 王中全, 张灯. 旋毛虫肌幼虫排泄分泌物中特异性诊断抗原的研究[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2003, 21(5): 12-15.) | |
| [49] | Cho SY, Chung YB, Kong Y. Component proteins and protease activities in excretory-secretory product of Sparganum[J]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 1992, 30(3): 227-230. |
| [50] | Cui J, Li N, Wang ZQ, et al. Serodiagnosis of experimental Sparganum infections of mice and human sparganosis by ELISA using ES antigens of Spirometra mansoni spargana[J]. Parasitol Res, 2011, 108(6): 1551-1556. |
| [51] | Hu DD, Cui J, Wang L, et al. Immunoproteomic analysis of the excretory-secretory proteins from Spirometra mansoni Sparganum[J]. Iran J Parasitol, 2013, 8(3): 408-416. |
| [52] | Kong Y, Kang SY, Cho SY. Single step purification of potent antigenic protein from Sparganum by gelatin-affinity chromatography[J]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 1991, 29(1): 1-7. |
| [53] | Cho SY, Kang SY, Kong Y. Purification of antigenic protein of Sparganum by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody[J]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 1990, 28(3): 135-142. |
| [54] | Cui J, Wei T, Liu LN, et al. Molecular characterization of a Spirometra mansoni antigenic polypeptide gene encoding a 28.7 kDa protein[J]. Parasitol Res, 2014, 113(9): 3511-3516. |
| [55] | Mazidur Rahman SM, Kim JH, Hong ST, et al. Diagnostic efficacy of a recombinant cysteine protease of Spirometra erinacei larvae for serodiagnosis of sparganosis[J]. Korean J Parasitol, 2014, 52(1): 41-46. |
| [56] | Liu LN, Wang ZQ, Zhang X, et al. Characterization of Spirometra erinacei europaei plerocercoid cysteine protease and potential application for serodiagnosis of sparganosis[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2015, 9(6): e0003807. |
| [57] | National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. WS/T 438—2013 Diagnosis of sparganosis[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2013. (in Chinese) |
| (国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 裂头蚴病的诊断: WS/T 438—2013[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2013.) | |
| [58] | Lee JH, Kim GH, Kim SM, et al. A case of sparganosis that presented as a recurrent pericardial effusion[J]. Korean Circ J, 2011, 41(1): 38-42. |
| [59] | Cho SY, Lee DK, Kang SY, et al. An epidemiological study of human paragonimiasis by means of micro-ELISA[J]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 1983, 21(2): 246-256. |
| [60] | Cho SY, Hong ST, Rho YH, et al. Application of micro-ELISA in serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis[J]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 1981, 19(2): 151-156. |
| [61] | Liu LN, Zhang X, Jiang P, et al. Serodiagnosis of sparganosis by ELISA using recombinant cysteine protease of Spirometra erinacei europaei spargana[J]. Parasitol Res, 2015, 114(2): 753-757. |
| [62] | Yeo IS, Yong TS, Im K. Serodiagnosis of human sparganosis by a monoclonal antibody-based competition ELISA[J]. Yonsei Med J, 1994, 35(1): 43-48. |
| [63] | Nishiyama T, Ide T, Himes SR Jr, et al. Immunodiagnosis of human sparganosis mansoni by micro-chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[J]. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1994, 88(6): 663-665. |
| [64] | Ishii H, Mukae H, Inoue Y, et al. A rare case of eosinophilic pleuritis due to sparganosis[J]. Intern Med, 2001, 40(8): 783-785. |
| [65] | Ding YX, Guo LL, Liu DW, et al. Detection of anti-Spirometra erinacei europaeiantibody using ELISA[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2001, 19(5): 303-304. (in Chinese) |
| (丁月新, 郭丽莉, 刘殿武, 等. ELISA法检测猬迭宫绦虫抗体的研究[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2001, 19(5): 303-304.) | |
| [66] | Wang Y, Tang Y, Gan XX. Rapid detection of specific IgG in sera of patients with infection of Sparganum mansoni by dot immuno-gold filtration assay[J]. Chin J Zoonoses, 2008, 24(4): 319-321. (in Chinese) |
| (王越, 汤益, 干小仙. 金标渗滤法快速检测曼氏裂头蚴病患者血清IgG[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2008, 24(4): 319-321.) | |
| [67] | Wang Y, Ye LP, Sun YW, et al. The potential of rapid detection for specific antibodies in diagnosing sparganosis using plerocercoid soluble antigen[J]. J Pathog Biol, 2006, 1(4): 260-262. (in Chinese) |
| (王越, 叶丽萍, 孙亚维, 等. 曼氏裂头蚴可溶性抗原DIGFA法快速检测特异性抗体的潜在诊断价值[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2006, 1(4): 260-262.) | |
| [68] | Lee MR, Ju JW, Yang HW, et al. Seropositivity and identification of paramyosin for sparganosis in the Kangwon and Incheon provinces of the Republic of Korea[J]. J Helminthol, 2017, 91(5): 642-646. |
| [69] | Liu Q, Li MW, Wang ZD, et al. Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2015, 15(10): 1226-1235. |
| [70] | Kuchta R, Ko?odziej-Sobocińska M, Brabec J, et al. Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the molecular era[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2021, 72(5): 882-890. |
| [71] | Zhang X, Ru SS, Long SR, et al. Research advances on the taxonomy of Spirometra tapeworms[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2024, 42(1): 98-104. (in Chinese) |
| (张玺, 茹丝丝, 龙绍蓉, 等. 迭宫属绦虫的分类学研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(1): 98-104.) | |
| [72] | Boonyasiri A, Cheunsuchon P, Srirabheebhat P, et al. Sparganosis presenting as cauda equina syndrome with molecular identification of the parasite in tissue sections[J]. Korean J Parasitol, 2013, 51(6): 739-742. |
| [73] | Meng YM, Kuang ZW, Liao L, et al. Case report: morphologic and genetic identification of cerebral sparganosis[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2019, 101(5): 1174-1176. |
| [74] | Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases. Clinical practice expert consensus for the application of metagenomic next generation sequencing[J]. Chin J Infect Dis, 2020, 38(11): 681-689. (in Chinese) |
| (《中华传染病杂志》编辑委员会. 中国宏基因组学第二代测序技术检测感染病原体的临床应用专家共识[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 2020, 38(11): 681-689.) | |
| [75] | Pang CM, Yang XL, Wang Y, et al. Metagenomic sequencing for diagnosis of sparganosis mansoni: a case report[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2022, 34(5): 556-558. (in Chinese) |
| (庞冲敏, 杨兴林, 王燕, 等. 宏基因组学测序诊断曼氏裂头蚴病1例[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2022, 34(5): 556-558.) | |
| [76] | Hu DF, Jin WX, Ding HR, et al. Spirometra mansoni sparganosis identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: acase report[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2023, 128: 128-131. |
| [77] | Oh Y, Kim JT, Kim MK, et al. Eosinophilic pleuritis due to Sparganum: a case report[J]. Korean J Parasitol, 2014, 52(5): 541-543. |
| [78] | Lin Q, Ouyang JS, Li JM, et al. Eosinophilic pleural effusion due to Spirometra mansoni spargana: a case report and review of the literature[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2015, 34: 96-98. |
| [79] | Li H, Hu JP, Yang PZ. A 50-year-old woman with a recurrent eyelid swelling[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2019, 19(3): 338. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |