Objective To analyze the surveillance of soil-transmitted nematode (STN) infection in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023, to understand its current status and trends, providing scientific basis for developing control strategies. Methods From 2019 to 2023, in accordance with the requirements of the National Surveillance Program and Implementation Guideline for Clonorchiasis and Soil-transmitted Nematodes, in different regions of Shanxi Province, 14, 18, 15, 18, and 18 counties were selected for the surveillance, respectively. Each selected surveillance county was divided into five geographic sectors (east, south, west, north, and center). From each sector, one township (town, street) was randomly selected, and subsequently, one administrative village was chosen from each selected township for the surveillance. In each selected village, the participants were cluster sampled, with no less 200 villigers for the survey. Fecal samples of no less than 30 g were collected from the participants, and examined microscopically using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slide-reading, each sample) for STN eggs to calculate the infection rate. Hookworm egg positive fecal samples were further examined using the test tube-filter paper cultivation method to identify the parasite species. Additionally, microscopic-detection of Enterobius vermicularis eggs was conducted in children aged 3 to 9 using the transparent adhesive paper anal swab method. χ² test was employed to compare infection rates. Results From 2019 to 2023, the infection rates of STN in the surveillance population in Shanxi Province were 0.05% (7/14 189), 0.05% (9/18 019), 0.12% (18/15 024), 0 (0/18 109), and 0.11% (21/18 383), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in infection rates between years (χ² = 26.464, P < 0.01). During this period, the infection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides were 0.02% (3/14 189), 0.01% (1/18 019), 0 (0/15 024), 0 (0/18 109), 0.04% (8/18 383); and the infection rates of E. vermicularis were 0.02% (3/14 189), 0.04% (8/18 019), 0.12% (18/15 024), 0 (0/18 109), 0.07% (13/18 383), respectively. The infection rates of both A. lumbricoides and E. vermicularis showed statistically significant differences between years (χ² = 13.586 and 27.674, both P < 0.01). The Trichuris trichiura infection rate was 0.007% (1/14 189) in 2019, and 0 in the subsequent years. Notably, no hookworm infections were found from 2019 to 2023. Regarding gender, the infection rates for STNs in male and female were 0.07% (30/40 707), and 0.06% (25/43 017), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ² = 0.773, P > 0.05). In age groups, the highest infection rate of STNs was 0.30% (30/9 913) in the 3-9 year-old group, followed by 0.05% (8/14 828) in the 50-59 year-old group, and 0.05% (3/5 938) in the 20-29 year-old group. There were statistically significant differences in the infection rates between different age groups (χ² = 98.579, P < 0.01). Among different occupations, scattered children had the highest average infection rate (0.90%, 6/665), followed by nursery children (0.36%, 17/4 707). The differences in infection rates among different occupations were statistically significant (χ² = 64.542, P < 0.01). In terms of literacy levels, preschool children had the highest average infection rate of 0.42% (23/5 433), followed by elementary school at 0.07% (16/24 103). There was a statistically significant difference in infection rates among different literacy levels (χ² = 57.218, P < 0.01). In 2019—2023, Shanxi Province completed monitoring in 79 different surveillance counties in 11 cities, with positive infections found in 17 of these counties. Xia County of Yuncheng City had the highest infection rate of 1.00% (10/1 000), followed by Wenshui County of Lvliang City, and Lingshi County of Jinzhong City, both at 0.60% (6/1 003) 0.60% (6/1 003). The differences in infection rates among the different surveillance counties were statistically significant (χ² = 29.741, P < 0.05). Conclusion The infection rate of STN in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023 showed a trend of low-level prevalence, with E. vermicularis being the primary parasite. It is necessary to further strengthen the comprehensive control of STN infections, particularly among key populations such as children and the elderly.