CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES >
Epidemiological and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang, 2005-2022
Received date: 2023-10-24
Revised date: 2024-02-04
Online published: 2024-07-16
Supported by
Open Project from the Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China(WSBKTKT2019-07)
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal distribution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang, from 2005 to 2022, to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for VL in Kashi area. Methods Data on VL cases reported in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang, from 2005 to 2022 were collected from the National Diseases Reporting Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the three-dimensional distribution characteristics of VL. Spatial auto-correlation analysis was performed using Geoda 1.22 software, and spatio-temporal scanning statistical analysis was performed using SaTScan 10.1.2 software. Results From 2005 to 2022, a total of 1 965 VL cases were reported in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.13 per 100 000 people. The peak incidence years were 2008 and 2015, with incidence rates of 6.10 per 100 000 (363 cases) and 8.29 per 100 000 (396 cases), respectively. Among the population distribution characteristics, 1 125 cases were male and 840 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.34 ∶ 1. Cases were reported across all age groups, with the composition rate of 75.47% (1 483/1 965) in the 0-4 years age group. The high-risk population was scattered children (75.32%, 1 480/1 965). VL cases were reported monthly from 2005 to 2022, with noticeable seasonal distribution between 2008-2010 and 2014-2016, peaking from September to December. VL mainly occurred in the northern counties of Kashi, with the highest incidence rate in Jiashi County (15.84/100 000), Kashi City (4.10/100 000), Shufu County (1.30/100 000), and Bachu County (1.21/100 000). The results of spatial auto-correlation analysis revealed a significant positive spatial correlation in the incidence of VL in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2012 (Moran’s I = 0.126 5, Z = 2.193 2, P < 0.05). Local autocorrelation analysis exhibited that high-high clustering areas were mainly distributed in Shufu County, Kashgar City, Jiashi County and Shule County. Spatiotemporal scanning analysis showed that the main clustering area was Jiashi County, and a high incidence period was from 2008 to 2016. Conclusion From 2005 to 2022, the overall incidence of VL exhibited a downward trend in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang. The high-risk population consisted mainly of young scattered children, and the northern counties of Kashi were the high endemic areas of VL.
MAIMAITIJIANG Umar , YALIKUN Maimaitiyiming , SHI Guangzhong , AYIXIAMU Keyoumu , ZHAO Jiangshan . Epidemiological and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang, 2005-2022[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024 , 42(3) : 332 -339 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2024.03.008
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