CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES >
Analysis on implementation and effectiveness of imported malaria surveillance-response system post-elimination in Shanghai
Received date: 2023-07-20
Revised date: 2023-09-11
Online published: 2024-03-12
Supported by
Fifth Round Three-Year Action Plan on Key Subject of Shanghai Public Health System Construction(GWV-10.1-XK13)
Objective To analyze the implementation and effectiveness of imported malaria surveillance-response system in Shanghai after malaria elimination, and to provide scientific basis for maintaining malaria post-elimination status and consolidating the achievements of malaria elimination. Methods The activity plan and records related to malaria surveillance-response in Shanghai were systematically collected and sorted. The data of individual malaria case in 2017—2022 from web-based National Information System for Infectious Disease surveillance and National Information System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results From 2017 to 2022, a total of 281 malaria cases were reported in Shanghai, including Shanghai nationality (16.7%, 47/281), other province nationality (76.5%, 215/281) and foreign nationality (6.8%, 19/281), all of them have the malaria-endemic areas traveling experiences. All reported cases were imported from abroad, the mainly infection sources were African countries, such as Guinea (17.4%, 49/281), Nigeria (14.2%, 40/281) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (12.1%, 34/281). The reported cases were mainly falciparum malaria (83.3%, 234/281) and mainly reported from Jinshan District (15.7%, 44/281), Pudong New Area (14.9%, 42/281) and Minhang District (11.7%, 33/281). A total of 106 361 blood tests were performed in Shanghai from 2017 to 2022, with a positive rate of 3.3‰ (353/106 361). The positive rates of passive case detection, proactive case detection and reactive case detection were 3.6‰ (350/97 917), 0.4‰ (3/7 828) and 0 (0/616), respectively. Malaria reported cases were mainly detected by passive monitoring (98.9%, 278/281). All cases were reported in 24 hours after diagnosis and checked in 1 day after reporting, the rate of individual cases epidemiological investigation within 2 days was 90.0% (253/281), all foci were investigated and disposed within 3 days, and all cases were assessed in one month without transmission risks. The median time from the illness onset to confirmed diagnosis was 2 d (P25, P75: 1 d, 4 d). A total of 2 126 Anopheles were captured, all of which were Anopheles sinensis. The mainly distribution areas were suburban districts such as Jiading District (31.6%, 672/2 126) and Chongming District (24.9%, 529/2 126). Conclusion The surveillance-response system of imported malaria was operated well in Shanghai after malaria elimination and the epidemic handling was standardized and timely.
Key words： Malaria; Eliminate; Surveillance and response; Shanghai
ZHU Min , ZHANG Hao , WU Liming , ZHANG Chengang , ZHANG Yaoguang , WANG Zhenyu , CHEN Jian , WU Huanyu , CHEN Xin . Analysis on implementation and effectiveness of imported malaria surveillance-response system post-elimination in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2024 , 42(1) : 91 -97 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2024.01.013
| [1] | World Health Organization. World malaria report 2022[R]. Geneva: WHO, 2023. |
| [2] | Feng J, Zhou SS. From control to elimination: the historical retrospect of malaria control and prevention in China[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2019, 37(5): 505-513. (in Chinese) |
| (丰俊, 周水森. 从控制走向消除: 我国疟疾防控的历史回顾[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2019, 37(5): 505-513.) | |
| [3] | Zhang L, Feng J, Zhang SS, et al. The progress of national malaria elimination and epidemiological characteristics of malaria in China in 2017[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2018, 36(3): 201-209. (in Chinese) |
| (张丽, 丰俊, 张少森, 等. 2017年全国消除疟疾进展及疫情特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(3): 201-209.) | |
| [4] | Zhang L, Feng J, Zhang SS, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria and the progress towards its elimination in China in 2018[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2019, 37(3): 241-247. (in Chinese) |
| (张丽, 丰俊, 张少森, 等. 2018年全国疟疾疫情特征及消除工作进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2019, 37(3): 241-247.) | |
| [5] | Zhang L, Feng J, Xia ZG, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria and progress on its elimination in China in 2019[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2020, 38(2): 133-138. (in Chinese) |
| (张丽, 丰俊, 夏志贵, 等. 2019年全国疟疾疫情特征分析及消除工作进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(2): 133-138.) | |
| [6] | Zhang L, Feng J, Tu H, et al. Malaria epidemiology in China in 2020[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2021, 39(2): 195-199. (in Chinese) |
| (张丽, 丰俊, 涂宏, 等. 2020年全国疟疾疫情分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(2): 195-199.) | |
| [7] | World Health Organization. From 30 million cases to zero: China is certified malaria-free by WHO[EB/OL]. (2021-06-30) [2023-07-01]. https://www.who.int/news/item/30-06-2021-from-30-million-cases-to-zero-china-is-certified-malaria-free-by-who. |
| [8] | Cai L. Data compilation of malaria elimination in Shanghai: 1950—2015[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Popular Science Press, 2019: 1-9, 74-77. (in Chinese) |
| (蔡黎. 上海市消除疟疾资料汇编: 1950—2015[M]. 上海: 上海科学普及出版社, 2019: 1-9, 74-77.) | |
| [9] | Zhu M, Cai L, Wu HY, et al. Mid-term assessment report of Malaria Elimination Action Plan in Shanghai[J]. Chin Trop Med, 2018, 18(4): 297-302. (in Chinese) |
| (朱民, 蔡黎, 吴寰宇, 等. 上海市消除疟疾行动计划中期评估报告[J]. 中国热带医学, 2018, 18(4): 297-302.) | |
| [10] | Zhu M, Cai L, Zhang CG, et al. Epidemiological analysis of malaria cases reported in Shanghai from 2010 to 2017[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2019, 37(1): 55-60, 65. (in Chinese) |
| (朱民, 蔡黎, 张宸罡, 等. 2010—2017年上海市疟疾报告病例的流行病学分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2019, 37(1): 55-60, 65.) | |
| [11] | Zhu M, Wu HY, Zhang CG, et al. Epidemiological analysis of imported malaria reported in Shanghai, 2016—2019[J]. Chin Trop Med, 2021, 21(1): 55-59, 69. (in Chinese) |
| (朱民, 吴寰宇, 张宸罡, 等. 上海市2016—2019年输入性疟疾流行特征[J]. 中国热带医学, 2021, 21(1): 55-59, 69.) | |
| [12] | Dai SM, Zhu M, Wu HY, et al. From malaria elimination to post-elimination: a 10-year surveillance data study in Shanghai[J]. Malar J, 2021, 20(1): 199. |
| [13] | Zhu M, Cai L. Malaria surveillance in Shanghai from 2005 to 2012[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2014, 26(1): 32-37. (in Chinese) |
| (朱民, 蔡黎. 2005—2012年上海市疟疾监测结果分析[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2014, 26(1): 32-37.) | |
| [14] | Shanghai Market Management Bureau. Specification of malaria focus disposal: DB31/T1257—2022[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021. (in Chinese) |
| (上海市市场监督管理局. DB31/T1257—2020 疟疾疫点处置规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.) | |
| [15] | Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Diagnosis of malaria: WS259—2015[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2015. (in Chinese) |
| (中华人民共和国卫生和计划生育委员会. WS259—2015 疟疾的诊断[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015.) | |
| [16] | National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Surveillance methods for vector density-Mosquito: GB/T23797—2020[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020. (in Chinese) |
| (中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. GB/T23797—2020 病媒生物密度监测方法—蚊虫[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020.) | |
| [17] | Zhu M, Zhang CG, Zhang YG, et al. An epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Shanghai during a COVID-19 outbreak[J]. Malar J, 2022, 21(1): 245. |
| [18] | Zhang L, Yi BY, Xia ZG, et al. Epidemiology characteristics of malaria in China, 2021[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2022, 40(2): 135-139. (in Chinese) |
| (张丽, 易博禹, 夏志贵, 等. 2021年全国疟疾疫情特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022, 40(2): 135-139.) | |
| [19] | Zhang X, Ruan W, Wang XX, et al. Epidemiology characteristics of imported severe malaria cases in Zhejiang Province from 2012—2020[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2021, 39(4): 466-472. (in Chinese) |
| (张轩, 阮卫, 王笑笑, 等. 浙江省2012—2020年输入性疟疾重症病例流行病学特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(4): 466-472.) | |
| [20] | Zhu W, Gao Q, Zheng YS, et al. Analysis on clinical features of 17 death cases of imported malaria in China[J]. Chin Trop Med, 2022, 22(9): 801-805. (in Chinese) |
| (朱威, 高琪, 郑以山, 等. 我国17例输入性疟疾死亡病例临床特征分析[J]. 中国热带医学, 2022, 22(9): 801-805.) | |
| [21] | Xia ZG, Feng J, Zhang L, et al. Achieving malaria elimination in China: analysis on implementation and effectiveness of the surveillance-response system[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2021, 39(6): 733-741. (in Chinese) |
| (夏志贵, 丰俊, 张丽, 等. 中国消除疟疾: 监测响应系统的实施与成效分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(6): 733-741.) | |
| [22] | Cao J, Sturrock HJW, Cotter C, et al. Communicating and monitoring surveillance and response activities for malaria elimination: China’s 1-3-7 strategy[J]. PLoS Med, 2014, 11(5): e1001642. |
| [23] | Sheng AM, Xie B, Liu J, et al. One case of recurrence of imported falciparum malaria in Pudong New Area of Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Jour of Preve Med, 2018, 30(10): 852-855. (in Chinese) |
| (沈安梅, 谢博, 刘俊, 等. 上海市浦东新区1例输入性恶性疟二次再燃的调查[J]. 上海预防医学, 2018, 30(10): 852-855.) | |
| [24] | Duan MX, Zhou LC, Yang ZQ. Research progress on artemisinin antimalarial drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum[J]. Chin Trop Med, 2022, 22(11): 1086-1091. (in Chinese) |
| (段梦茜, 周隆参, 杨照青. 恶性疟原虫青蒿素抗疟药抗性研究进展[J]. 中国热带医学, 2022, 22(11): 1086-1091.) | |
| [25] | Zhang CL, Nie RH, Xu D, et al. Correlation of Pfcrt, Pfmdr and PfK13 gene polymorphisms and in vitro drug susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from China-Myanmar border region[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2020, 38(5): 580-588. (in Chinese) |
| (张苍林, 聂仁华, 徐丹, 等. 中缅边境地区恶性疟原虫Pfcrt、Pfmdr和PfK13基因多态性与体外药物敏感性相关性的分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(5): 580-588.) |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |