CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES >

2023 , Vol. 41 >Issue 2: 183 - 191

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.02.009

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

A case-control study on the influencing factors of echinococcosis in Qinghai Province

  • MA Bingcun ,
  • LIU Yuying ,
  • ZHANG Tiantian ,
  • LEI Wen ,
  • MA Xiao ,
  • LIU Shou
Expand
  • 1 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
    2 Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 810000, China
*E-mail: liushou2004@aliyun.com

Received date: 2022-06-28

  Revised date: 2022-09-22

  Online published: 2023-04-23

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China(81860606);Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2019-ZJ-906)

Fold

Abstract

Objective To study the main influencing factors to echinococcosis in Qinghai Province, to provide scientific basis for interventions. Methods A case-control study was conducted on the infection factors of adult echinococcosis cases in the significant endemic areas (Guoluo, Haibei, Hainan, Haixi, Huangnan and Yushu) and in the nonsignificant endemic areas (Haidong and Xining) of Qinghai Province. The study was carried out by setting the matching factors of age, sex and ethnicity, with the maching control ratio of patients against heathy people 1:2, defining whether or not the disease case as the dependent variable for univariate analysis using a logistic regression model constructed to analyze the factors influencing residents contracting echinococcosis. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Results A total of 1 447 cases met the inclusion criteria was enrolled as the case group in this study, with a mean age of (38.7 ± 13.3) years, 58.3% male (844/1 447), 41.7% female (603/1 447), 65.2% Tibetan (944/1 447), 22.9% Han Chinese (332/1 447), 6.6% Hui (95/1 447); the control group consisted of 2 894 individuals with a mean age of (38.5 ± 13.0) years, 58.3% male (1 688/2 894), 41.7% female (1 206/2 894), 60.5% Tibetan (1 751/2 894), 26.4% Han (763/2 894), and 6.0% Hui (175/2 894). The results of univariate analysis showed that 25 factors, such as canine ownership, canine breeding method, canine use, frequent contact with drinking water, no disposal of canine feces, frequent contact with canine, and domestic animal ownership, were statistically significant between the case and control groups (χ2 = 143.53, 46.88, 40.26, 80.63, 38.77, 107.16, 117.27; P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the type of canine ownership (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.03-1.82), use of canines (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.01-2.51), canine contacted with drinking water (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.19-2.24), disposal of canine feces (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.95-3.26), slaughter of livestock at home in the last year (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.09-1.91), slaughterhouse or butcher shop around home (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.21-2.26), canine fed with raw livestock organs (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.18-2.03), drinking unboiled water (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05-1.91), living with wild animals around home (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.95), drinking water storage method (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.37-2.59), as well as prevention knowledge (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.36-2.28) were the main risk factors for echinococcosis prevalence in adults. Conclusion This study indicates that the factors of dog-related behavior, hygienic habits, lifestyle and the wareness on knowledge of disease prevention and control are highly associated with echinococcosis in adults in Qinghai Province and are the key behavioural factors in echinococcosis intervention in Qinghai endemic areas.

Key words： Echinococcosis; Case-control study; Risk factors

Cite this article

MA Bingcun , LIU Yuying , ZHANG Tiantian , LEI Wen , MA Xiao , LIU Shou . A case-control study on the influencing factors of echinococcosis in Qinghai Province[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2023 , 41(2) : 183 -191 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.02.009

References

[1] Luo ZH, Xiao D, Ai JJ, et al. Epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in Gaize County, Tibet Autonomous Region[J]. Chin J Zoonoses, 2022, 38(1): 74-78. (in Chinese)
  (罗钊辉, 肖丹, 艾佳佳, 等. 西藏自治区改则县棘球蚴病流行情况调查[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2022, 38(1): 74-78.)
[2] Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, et al. Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2019, 32(2): e00075-e00018.
[3] Shi DD, Wu WP. Distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. J Pathog Biol, 2022, 17(2): 243-246. (in Chinese)
  (施丹丹, 伍卫平. 青藏高原地区人群棘球蚴病的分布特征[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2022, 17(2): 243-246.)
[4] Wan SM. Epidemiological status and characteristics of echinococcosis in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Bull Dis Control Prev Chin, 2020, 35(6): 77-80, 86. (in Chinese)
  (万顺明. 青藏高原地区人群棘球蚴病流行现状及特征分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2020, 35(6): 77-80, 86.)
[5] Zhang JX, Ma X, Liu YF, et al. Endemic situation and distribution of echinococcosis in Qinghai Province in China[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2017, 35(5): 460-465. (in Chinese)
  (张静宵, 马霄, 刘玉芳, 等. 青海省棘球蚴病流行与分布情况调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2017, 35(5): 460-465.)
[6] Wu WP, Wang H, Wang Q, et al. A nationwide sampling survey on echinococcosis in China during 2012—2016[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2018, 36(1): 1-14. (in Chinese)
  (伍卫平, 王虎, 王谦, 等. 2012—2016年中国棘球蚴病抽样调查分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(1): 1-14.)
[7] Yin J, Wu XX, Li CL, et al. The impact of environmental factors on human echinococcosis epidemics: spatial modelling and risk prediction[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2022, 15(1): 47.
[8] Fu MH, Han S, Xue CZ, et al. Contribution to the echinococcosis control programme in China by NIPD-CTDR[J]. Adv Parasitol, 2020, 110: 107-144.
[9] Ma T, Jiang D, Hao MM, et al. Geographical Detector-based influence factors analysis for Echinococcosis prevalence in Tibet, China[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2021, 15(7): e0009547.
[10] Liu J, Lei W, Ma X, et al. Echinococcosis prevalence and knowledge awareness in population in Jiuzhi County of Qinghai Province during 2017—2018[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2021, 39(5): 681-686. (in Chinese)
  (刘佳, 雷雯, 马霄, 等. 2017—2018年青海省久治县人群棘球蚴病患病及防治知识知晓情况[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(5): 681-686.)
[11] Fu MH, Wang X, Luo R, et al. A survey on the knowledge of echinococcosis prevention and treatment among middle school students in Daofu and Seda Counties of Sichuan Province[J]. J Pathog Biol, 2021, 16(4): 450-454. (in Chinese)
  (付梅花, 王旭, 洛绒初姆, 等. 四川省道孚县及色达县中学生棘球蚴病防治知识知晓情况调查[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2021, 16(4): 450-454.)
[12] Zhu LH, Zhu LM, Wang B, et al. Analysis of clinical features of echinococcosis cases[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2021, 39(1): 61-68. (in Chinese)
  (朱凌虹, 祝路民, 王勃, 等. 棘球蚴病住院患者临床特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(1): 61-68.)
[13] Liu P, Sun XD, Kang JL, et al. Meta-analysis on potential risk factors associated with human echinococcosis[J]. China Animal Health Insp, 2018, 35(10): 13-18. (in Chinese)
  (刘平, 孙向东, 康京丽, 等. 包虫病相关影响因素Meta分析[J]. 中国动物检疫, 2018, 35(10): 13-18.)
[14] He W, Wang Q, Huang Y, et al. Risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province: a case-control study[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2019, 31(5): 486-490. (in Chinese)
  (何伟, 王谦, 黄燕, 等. 四川省石渠县人群细粒棘球蚴病影响因素的病例对照研究[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2019, 31(5): 486-490.)
[15] Zuo QQ, Zheng JX, Wang G, et al. The transimission ecology of the echinococcosis on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2022, 40(4): 524-535. (in Chinese)
  (左清秋, 郑佳鑫, 王刚, 等. 青藏高原棘球蚴病的传播生态学[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022, 40(4): 524-535.)
[16] Mohamed RM, Abdel-Hafeez EH, Belal US, et al. Human cystic echinococcosis in the nalut district of western Libya: a clinico-epidemiological study[J]. Trop Med Health, 2014, 42(4): 177-184.
[17] Possenti A, Manzano-Román R, Sánchez-Ovejero C, et al. Potential risk factors associated with humancystic echinococcosis: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2016, 10(11): e0005114.
[18] Wu WT, Wu WP, Guan YY, et al. A case-control study on risk factors of cystic echinococcosis in humans in Tibetan areas[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2018, 30(2): 161-164. (in Chinese)
  (吴文婷, 伍卫平, 官亚宜, 等. 藏区人群细粒棘球蚴病患病影响因素的病例对照研究[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2018, 30(2): 161-164.)
[19] Guo ZX, He DL, Li YQ, et al. Infection of echinococcus species in wild animals in Qinghai Province[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 1994, 12(S1): 145-147. (in Chinese)
  (郭再宣, 何多龙, 李予青, 等. 青海高原野生动物棘球绦虫感染情况的调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 1994, 12(S1): 145-147.)
[20] Carmena D, Cardona GA. Echinococcosis in wild carnivorous species: epidemiology, genotypic diversity, and implications for veterinary public health[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2014, 202(3/4): 69-94.
[21] Craig PS, Giraudoux P, Wang ZH, et al. Echinococcosis transmission on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Adv Parasitol, 2019, 104: 165-246.
[22] Cui XY, Guan YY, Wu WP. The prevalence and impacting factors of Echinococcus infection in canine in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2020, 38(4): 482-489. (in Chinese)
  (崔小玉, 官亚宜, 伍卫平. 青藏高原地区犬棘球绦虫感染的流行情况和影响因素[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(4): 482-489.)
[23] Zhang TT, Ma X, Lei W, et al. Spatial analysis of echinococcosis in pastoral area of Qinghai Province, 2019[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2022, 43(5): 709-715. (in Chinese)
  (张甜甜, 马霄, 雷雯, 等. 2019年青海省牧业区棘球蚴病时空分布特征[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2022, 43(5): 709-715.)
[24] Acosta-Jamett G, Hernández FA, Castro N, et al. Prevalence rate and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis: a cross-sectional, community-based, abdominal ultrasound study in rural and urban north-central Chile[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2022, 16(3): e0010280.
[25] Medina N, Martínez P, Ayala S, et al. Distribution and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Aysén 2010—2016[J]. Rev Chilena Infectol, 2021, 38(3): 349-354.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉