Objective To understand the capability of etiological detection in 60 standardized laboratories for schistosomiasis in Hubei Province, evaluate the efficacy of on-site detection method of egg-hatching with nylon sheer-concentration, and provide reference basis for improving detection and test capability of local professional health workers in schistosomiasis control in the province. Methods Schistosoma japonicum cercariae were used to infect japanese big-eared rabbits with abdominal patch method [(1 500 ± 100) cercariae/rabbit]. On 40 days post-infection, rabbit livers were collected for separating worm eggs, which were used to prepare, egg suspension. Then 1 ml of egg suspension was hatched and miracdia counted, and the egg density of the suspension was adjusted to a density that 1 ml suspension would hatch out (50 ± 10) mircaria. Meantime, part of the suspension was then diluted 2 and 4 times of volume to prepare three classes of suspensions: strong positive, positive and weakly positive. The egg suspensions stored in the laboratory were inactivated and used as negative samples. The hatching reference samples were aliquoted into 60 groups by random numbering and distributed to 60 standardized laboratories for schistosomiasis in the province. The hatching quality control samples were tested using single-blind method. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the detection capability of examiners in the laboratories in different localities (county, cities), and the overall coincidence rate, false detection rate and miss-detection rate were compared with χ² tests. Results A total of 300 samples (138 positives and 162 negatives) were examined in the standard laboratories 13 cities and 47 counties (city, district) in Hubei. Of the examined, 125 samples were found positive, and 148 negative, showing an overall coincidence rate 91.0% (273/300), overall false detection rate 8.6% (14/162), and overall miss-detection rate 9.4% (13/138), with the differences being statistically significant (χ² = 201.207, P < 0.01). In 12 out of 13 cities and 34 out of 47 counties (city, districts) standard laboratories, the detection results were consistent with the standard ones; miss-detection occurred in 9 laboratories, accounting for 19.1% of the total, false detection occurred in 10 laboratories, accounting for 21.3%; simultaneous occurrence of both miss-detection and false detection were found in 6 laboratories, accounting for 12.8%. The false detection rate from the laboratories in independent institutions and non-independent institutions for schistosomiasis control was 8.1% (5/62) and 9.0% (9/100), respectively, with the difference not statistically significant (χ² = 0.042, P > 0.05); the miss-detection rate was 12.5% (6/48) and 7.8% (7/90) respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (χ² = 0.818, P > 0.05). The false-detection and miss-detection rate were found from the laboratories in counties at the schistosomiasis status of transmission interrupted with existing snails, elimination with existing snails, elimination with snail free was 6.5% (5/77), 15.0% (6/40); 16.7% (3/18) and 12.1% (7/58); and 8.6% (3/35), 13.6% (3/22), respectively, with the differences not statistically significant(χ² = 3.330, 0.414, P > 0.05). Conclusion The overall coincidence rate detected by the method of egg-hatching with nylon sheer-concentration is considerably high in the standardized schistosomiasis laboratories in Hubei Province. It is noted that false detection and miss-detection occurred in county (city, district)-based laboratories.