Epidemiological investigation was performed for a new case of child visceral leishmaniasis occurred in Luoyang City in 2020, to analyze the course of the disease and the possible source of infection, and monitor the residents of and dogs of dubious infection. rK39 antibody detection and PCR assay were conducted in the suspected subjects; sandflies in the village environment were investigated and monitored. The transmission risk was assessed according to the source of infection, sandfly breeding environment and vector distribution. The results of investigation and monitoring showed that the positive rate of rK39 antibody was 27.27% (9/33) in 7 groups of dogs examined in the child’s residency area, Yinjiagou of High Tech District of Luoyang City, and the positive rate of rK39 antibody was 7.60% (13/171) in the residents of the village. Sandflies were found in the village where the patient lived. The PCR assay of blood samples indicated the amplified sequences from thepatient and infected dogs showed 99% similarity to that ofLeishmania infantis. This case was the first local visceral leishmanian case in Luoyang City over the past 60 years. It was highly likely that the patient was infected from infected dog. These results suggest that there is a high risk of local of visceral leishmaniasis in the area. It is imperative to scale-up the surveillance and strengthen prevention and control measures in the areas of surrounding counties to prevent further spread of visceral leishmaniasis.