CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES >
Surveillance on soil-transmitted nematode infections in 2018 in Ningxia, China
Received date: 2020-01-11
Online published: 2020-09-09
Objective To understand the infection status of human soil-transmitted nematodes in Ningxia, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control.Methods The survey was conducted according to the National Surveillance Program and Implementation Guideline for Chlonorchiasis and Soil-transmitted Healminthiasis. A total of 50 surveillance sites were selected from 10 counties (Helan, Haiyuan, Pingluo, Yanchi, Tongxin, Qingtongxia, Jingyuan, Huinong, Hong sibu and Dawukou) using the stratified cluster random sampling method, each site having no less than 200 permanent residents aged above 3 years. Fecal samples were collected from the residents, in which eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes were examinted with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method. Cellophane anal swab method was used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children aged 3-9 years. In each survey site, 5 households were randomly selected to collect 30 g of soil sample from around toilet or vegetable gardens. The Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in the soil samples were detected and counted using the saturated sodium nitrate solution floatation method. The correlation between the egg positive rate of A. lumbricoides eggs in soil and the infection rate of A. lumbricoides in population was analyzed by Spearman correlation method.Results Examination for a total of 11 035 people found an overall soil-transmitted nematode infection rate of 1.0% (110/11 350), predominated by A. lumbricoides. The infection rates of A. lumbricoedes and E. vermicularis was 0.8% (95/11 350) and 0.1% (16/11 350), respectively. The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was highest in Pingluo County (3.0%, 32/1 053), and there was statistically significant difference among the survey sites (P < 0.05). The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematode in males and females were 1.0% (55/5 641) and 1.0% (55/5 709), with no significant difference between them (P> 0.05). The infection occurred in all age groups, with the highest infection rate in the age group over 70 years old (2.5%, 18/708). The infection rate in ethnic minority (0.6%, 32/5 092) was lower than that in Han ethnicity (1.3%, 78/6 258) (P < 0.05). Among different occupation groups, farmers had the highest infection rate (1.5%, 99/6 585). The education distribution showed that illiterate or semi-illiterate residents had the highest infection rate (2.2%, 19/850). Notably, There were statistically significant difference in the infection rate among different age groups, ethnicities, occupations and education background (P < 0.05). A total of 275 soil samples were examined, and the result indicated an egg positive rate of A. lumbricoedes eggs of 11.6% (32/275). The A. lumbricoedes egg positive rate in soil samples was positively correlated with the infection rate of A. lumbricoedes in residents.Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode in rural residents of Ningxia is low, and shows an obvious regional difference, with A. lumbricoedes as the main nematode species. The elder, farmers, illiterate or semi-illiterate, and Han ethnic group are the underlined target population for control.
Key words： Soil-transmitted nematodes; Infection; Surveillance; Ningxia
Hong-ju DUAN , Xiang-lin WU , Yi-ren FU , Hai-jun LI , Rong MA , Tian-bo MA , Rong-ting QI . Surveillance on soil-transmitted nematode infections in 2018 in Ningxia, China[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2020 , 38(4) : 440 -444 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.04.007
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