Endemic status of visceral leishmaniasis in China from 2004 to 2016

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2019.02.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the endemic status and epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in China from 2004 to 2016, so as to provide basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies. Methods The data for the visceral leishmaniasis endemic in China from 2004 to 2016 were collected from Infectious Disease Reporting Management System of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) and analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2016. For those cases reported in non-endemic areas, the infection information will be confirmed and verified by the local provincial CDC. Results A total of 4 448 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in 24 provinces (municipalities or autonomous regions) in China from 2004 to 2016, with specific case number of 306, 311, 270, 355, 518, 523, 375, 300, 219, 158, 293, 510 and 310 cases for each year, respectively. The visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported throughout the year, but the peak was among October to November in Jiashi endemic county and among March to May for the rest of endemic areas. Total 98.1% (4 364/4 448) of the reported cases came from endemic areas, mainly from Xinjiang （including Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps）, Gansu and Sichuan provinces which account for 95.6% of the reported cases nationwide. Only 84 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in 17 non-endemic regions, accounting for 1.9% of the reported cases. The visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas were located in 83 counties in 7 provinces or autonomous regions, among them 46 endemic counties located in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The case reported counties are increased from 43 in 1990 to 83 in 2016, with reemerging areas in Linzhou, Wushi and Shache counties in Henan province. Total 12 visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in non-endemic areas in 2016, all were confirmed to be imported cases. Among the total reported cases, 2 712 were male and 1 736 were female with a ratio of male to female to 1.6:1. The average age of reported cases was 12.3, mainly under 5 years old which accounts for 54.9% of total cases. Children and farmers were the most vulnerable population for visceral leishmaniasis which account for 72.6% of reported cases(3 228/4 448). Conclusion Visceral leishmaniasis endemic is sporadic in the middle western areas of China, with sporadic outbreaks and reemergence in some areas. The reported cases are decreasing except for those outbreak areas, but the endemic areas is growing.

Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis, Epidemic situation, Endemic, China

CLC Number:

R531.6

Shuai HAN, Wei-ping WU, Chui-zhao XUE, Wei DING, Yan-yan HOU, Yu FENG, Bo ZHONG, Lei CAO, Yu-nong ZHANG, Xiao-feng JIANG, Hong-wei ZHANG. Endemic status of visceral leishmaniasis in China from 2004 to 2016[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2019, 37(2): 189-195.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Table 1

Distribution of visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas in China in 2016

省（自治区）Province (Autonomous Region)	地市（州、盟） City (Prefecture or Union)	流行县（区、县级市） Endemic counties (Districts or City)
新疆Xinjiang	巴音郭楞自治州Bayingolin mongol	尉犁县 Yuli、库尔勒市 Korla、轮台县 Luntai、且末县 Muchi、若羌县 Ruoqiang、焉耆回族自治县 Yanqi hui autonomous county、和静县 Hejing、和硕县 Heshu、博湖县 Bohu
	阿克苏地区Akesu	乌什县 Wushi、库车县 Kuqa、沙雅县 Shaya、阿克苏市 Aksu、温宿县 Wensu、新和县 Xinhe、拜城县 Baicheng、阿瓦提县 Awati、柯坪县Keping
	克孜勒苏柯尔克孜Kizilsu kirgiz	阿克陶县 Acto,阿图什市 Artosh、阿合奇县 Aheqi、乌恰县 Ucha
	喀什地区Kashgar	喀什市 Kashgar、疏附县 Shufu、疏勒县 Shule、伽师县 Jiashi、英吉沙县 Yingjisha、麦盖提县 Megeti、泽普县 Zepu、岳普湖县 Yuepuhu、莎车县 Shaka、巴楚县 Bachu、叶城县 Yecheng、塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县 Tashkurgan tajik
	和田地区Hotan	和田市Hetian city、和田县 Hetian county、墨玉县Moyu、皮山县Pishan、洛浦县Lopu、策勒县Cele、于田县Yutian、民丰县Minfeng
	吐鲁番市Turpan	高昌区 Gaochang、托克逊县 Toksun
	哈密市Hami	伊州区 Yizhou
	自治区直管地级市Municipality	图木舒克市Tumushuk
甘肃Gansu	陇南市Longnan	武都区Wudu、文县Wenxian、宕昌县Tanchang、康县Kangxian、礼县Lixian、西和县Xihe
	甘南州Gannan	舟曲县Zhouqu、迭部县Diebu
	酒泉市Jiuquan	瓜州县Guazhou
	平凉市Pingliang	崆峒区Kongtong、静宁县Jingning
	定西市Dingxi	通渭县Tongwei
	庆阳市Qingyang	环县Huanxian、庆城县Qingcheng
四川Sichuan	阿坝州Aba state	九寨沟县Jiuzhaigou、茂县Maoxian、黑水县Heishui、汶川县Wenchuan、理县Lixian
	绵阳市Mianyang	北川县Beichuan、平武县Pingwu
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	阿拉善盟Alxa league	额济纳旗 Ejin banner
河南Henan	安阳市Anyang	林州市Linzhou
陕西Shaanxi	渭南市Weinan	韩城市Hancheng
	延安市Yanan	宝塔区Baota、宜川县Yichuan
山西Shanxi	阳泉市Jiuquan	阳泉市城区Urban area、阳泉市郊区Suburb、盂县Mengxian、平定县Pingding
		武乡县Wuxiang、长治市郊区Suburb、襄垣县 Xiangyuan、屯留县Tunliu
	晋中市Jinzhong	榆社县 Yushe
	临汾市Linfen	尧都区 Yaodu、大宁县Daning

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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特征 Feature	省（直辖市、自治区） Province （City, Autonomous Region）	累计病例 The cumulative cases	构成比/% Composition ratio/%
流行区 Endemic regions	新疆Xinjiang	2 285	51.4
	甘肃Gansu	1 419	31.9
	四川Sichuan	547	12.3
	陕西Shaanxi	65	1.5
	山西Shanxi	34	0.8
	内蒙古Inner Mongolia	10	0.2
	河南Henan	4	0.1
	小计Subtotal	4 364	98.1
非流行区 Non-endemic regions	重庆Chongqing	16	0.4
	浙江Zhejiang	8	0.2
	湖北Hubei	8	0.2
	湖南Hunan	8	0.2
	云南Yunnan	6	0.1
	天津Tianjing	5	0.1
	黑龙江Heilongjiang	5	0.1
	广西Guangxi	5	0.1
	北京Beijing	4	0.1
	河北Hebei	4	0.1
	江西Jiangxi	3	0.1
	青海Qinghai	3	0.1
	吉林Jilin	2	0.1
	江苏Jiangsu	2	0.1
	安徽Anhui	2	0.1
	山东Shandong	2	0.1
	西藏Tibet	1	0.1
	小计Subtotal	84	1.9
	总计Total	4 448	100

年龄组 Age group	男性Male		女性Female		合计Total		累计构成比/% Cumulative ratio/%
年龄组 Age group	例数 No. cases	构成比/% Composition ratio/%	例数 No. cases	构成比/% Composition ratio/%	例数 No. cases	构成比/% Composition ratio/%	累计构成比/% Cumulative ratio/%
0~	1 345	50.6	1 013	59.8	2 358	54.2	54.2
5~	251	9.5	181	10.7	432	9.9	64.1
10~	143	5.4	87	5.1	230	5.3	69.4
15~	86	3.2	70	4.1	156	3.6	73.0
20~	115	4.3	68	4.0	183	4.2	77.2
25~	92	3.5	42	2.5	134	3.1	80.3
30~	97	3.7	65	3.8	162	3.7	84.0
35~	128	4.8	51	3.0	179	4.1	88.1
40~	126	4.7	42	2.5	168	3.9	92.0
45~	94	3.5	29	1.7	123	2.8	94.8
50~	66	2.5	16	1.0	82	1.9	96.7
55~	47	1.8	5	0.3	52	1.2	97.9
60~	31	1.2	10	0.6	41	0.9	98.9
65~	21	0.8	7	0.4	28	0.6	99.5
70~	11	0.4	6	0.4	17	0.4	99.9
75~	4	0.2	1	0.1	5	0.1	100
80~	0	0	0	0	0	0	100
合计Total	2 657	100	1 693	100	4 350	100

人群Groups	例数 No. cases	构成比/% Composition ratio/%
幼托儿童Preschools	267	6.1
散居儿童Scattered	2 285	52.5
学生Student	531	12.2
教师Teacher	14	0.3
餐饮食品业Catering	6	0.1
商业服务Commercial service	23	0.5
医务人员Medical staff	1	0.1
工人Worker	62	1.4
民工Migrant worker	61	1.4
农民Farmer	865	19.9
牧民Herdsman	4	0.1
海员驾驶Seaman/driver	4	0.1
干部职员Staff	43	1.0
离退人员Former researchers	22	0.5
家务待业Domestic unemployment	67	1.5
不详Unknown	28	0.6
其他Other	67	1.5
合计Total	4 350	100