Abstract: From 1967 to 1982, 3 human cases of urinary tract infection with Rhabditis sp. were detected in the suburb of Shanghai and the City of Anyang, Henan Province. These patients, involving one boy, one man and one woman of 10, 28 and 49 years old respectively, complained chyluria, haematuria and/or edema of the lower extremities. Results of routine urine examinations showed turbidity, and presence of RBC,WBC and epithelial cells. These findings suggested some kind of inflamatory process existing in the upper urinary tract. Free living larvae and nearly mature worms of Rhabditis sp. were found in all cases in the urine sediments. After treatment with santonin or pyrantel combined with mebendazole, the patients showed parasitologlcal cure and symptomatic relief, indicating that the infection of rhabiditoid nematode might be the causative agent of the renal abnormalities. Human cases recognized as due to Rhabditidae nematode in urine so far reported in China are reviewed.