Abstract: A case-control study on the relationship between scnistosomiasis japonica and liver cancer was conducted. 166 cases died of liver cancer diagnosed by Ⅰand Ⅱ during 1982 to 1983 were selected and matched pairs by age and sex residence of 1:2 with the same died number of cases of nondigestive tract cancer and 166 healthy people as well. There is a significant difference in schistosomiasis japonica between the two groups. A significant dose-response relativeship between cigarette smoking and relative risk is found. By eliminating the possible factors including smoking habit and family history of liver cancer, there exists a significant difference between schistosomiasis japonica and the occurrence of liver cancer.