Abstract: Among 4 950 advanced schistosomiasis patients examined, 709 (14.3%) had upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and in patients who had been treated with splenectomy, 532 presented history of bleeding. Of the 338 cases with a history of bleeding, 268(79.3%) ceased bleeding after operation and 70 cases (.20.7%) bled again. In 194 cases (7%) who had no history of bleeding before operation, bleeding occurred, suggesting that simple splenectomy has certain effect in preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but the incidence of bleeding is higher in those who had a history of bleeding before operation. Gastrofibroscopic examinations in 50 cases who bled recently indicated that 74% of the patients had gastro-duodenal lesion as a concomitant disease.Prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of advanced schisto somiasis patients are discussed.