Abstract: This study was performed to observe the erythrocytic schizogony of P. vivax under several culture conditions in vitro. Five experimental groups included: 1) static cultivation in candle jar; 2) static cultivation in candle jar with candle relightened; 3) static cultivation under low oxygen tension (5-10%); 4) deep suspension cultivation in test tubes with cotton plunger; 5) deep suspension cultivation in closed test tubes with screw cap. Two different isolates of P. vivax collected from Jingshan County and Zaoyang County were used. Cultivation was initiated with two methods, i.e. direct inoculation from fresh patient blood with malaria parasites and retrieval cultivation from freezing malaria parasite blood. The suspension cultivation in test tube with cotton plunger could not support the schizogony of P. vivax, while other groups could at least complete two schizogony cycles. The best result was obtained with static cultivation under low oxygen tension, the growth of parasites appeared to be more normal. The results showed that cultivation of P. vivax under a low oxygen concentration of 5-10% is preferred and the selection of isolates of P. vivax might be important in in vitro cultivation.