Abstract: Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) method using a pair of Plasmodium falciparum specific oligonucleotides as primers was used to detect malaria patient blood samples collected from Yunnan endemic malarious area.The results showed that a DNA fragment of 492 bp was amplified in all 53 microscopically diagnosed P.falciparum samples,but negative in 8 P. vivax samples and 12 normal blood samples.This method seems to have high sensitivity and high specificity.