Surveillance on soil-transmitted helminth infection in residents in Qinghai Province during 2016—2020

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.06.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To understand the infection status of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) at national surveillance sites in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2020 to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods National surveillance sites were set up in 29 counties (cities, districts) in Qinghai Province during 2016—2020, comprising 2 fixed surveillance sites and 5-6 mobile sites every year. Each surveillance site was divided into 5 areas as geographically at east, west, south, north and centre. In each area, one administrative village was randomly selected from one township for cluster sampling of no less than 200 permanent residents over 3 years old. Fecal samples of residents were collected and examined for STH eggs with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slide-reading for each sample). At the same time, children aged 3-9 years were examined for Enterobius vermicularis eggs using cellophane anal swab method. The infection rates and infection intensity were calculated. The distribution of gender, age, ethnic group, occupation and region of the infected population were analyzed. The Chi-square test was used to compare the infection rate between different groups. Results A total of 37 724 residents were examined during 2016—2020. The overall infection rate of STH was 0.86% (323/37 724), with Ascaris lumbricoides is the main pspecies, accounting for 99.69% (322/323) of the total infected. The infection rate of A. lumbricoides was 0.85% (322/37 724), including 87.89% (283/322) mild infection and 12.11% (39/322) moderate infection. The infection rate of En. vermicularis was 0.02% (1/4 069) in children aged 3-9 years. The infection rates of STH in males and females were 0.80% (148/18 550) and 0.91% (175/19 174), respectively, with no statistically significant difference(χ² = 1.611, P > 0.05). The 3-10 years old group had the highest infection rate of STH (1.42%, 90/6 351), with statistically significant in different age groups (χ² = 43.516, P < 0.01). The Han ethnic group had the highest infection rate of STH (1.66%, 276/16 622), with statistically significant differences in different ethnic groups (χ² = 242.302, P < 0.01). Migrant workers had the highest infection rate of 2.82% (5/177), with statistically significant differences among different occupations (χ² = 178.710, P < 0.01). From 2016 to 2020, the infection rate of STH in Pin’an County was 1.21% (24/1 086), 3.37% (39/1 157), 1.70% (17/1 000), 1.19% (13/1 091) and 0.89% (9/1 003), the differences between years were statistically significant (χ² = 25.239, P < 0.01). The infection rate of STH in Huzhu County was 1.81% (18/994), 2.47% (24/971), 2.28% (23/1 007), 3.01%(30/998) and 2.37% (24/1 012), showing a fluctuated changes, with no significant difference among them (χ² = 3.132, P > 0.05). From 2016 to 2020, 103 residents with STH infection were found in 27 mobile surveillance sites, of which 99 infected residents (96.12%) were found in the Qilian Mountains and Hehuang Valley. No infected resident was found in the Caidamu Basin. The difference in infection rates among different regions was statistically significant (χ² = 378.856, P < 0.01). Conclusion The infection rate of STH was considerably low in surveillance sites in Qinghai Province, mainly with A. lumbricoides infection. Children aged 3-10 years old and migrant workers are the key groups for prevention and control in the future.

Key words: Qinghai Province, Soil-transmitted helminth, Infection, Surveillance

CLC Number:

R532.1

ZHANG Jing-xiao, SHI Ke-mei, LIU Yu-fang, ZHAO Cun-zhe, ZHAN Pei-zhen, WANG Wei, LIU Jia, LIU Na, LEI Wen, ZHANG Qing, ZHANG Xiong-ying, MA Xiao, CAI Hui-xia, MA Jun-ying. Surveillance on soil-transmitted helminth infection in residents in Qinghai Province during 2016—2020[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2022, 40(6): 737-741.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Table 2

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特征 Features	检查数 No. exam’d	感染数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%
性别 Gender
男Male	18 550	148	0.80
女Female	19 174	175	0.91
小计Subtotal	37 724	323	0.86
年龄Age
3~10	6 351	90	1.42
11~20	4 994	39	0.78
21~30	4 957	30	0.61
31~40	5 897	31	0.53
41~50	6 363	38	0.60
51~60	4 572	43	0.94
≥ 61	4 590	52	1.13
小计Subtotal	37 724	323	0.86
民族 Nationality
汉族Han	16 622	276	1.66
藏族Tibetan	15 741	26	0.17
回族Hui	4 013	12	0.30
土族Tu	566	9	1.59
蒙古族Mongol	580	0	0
哈萨克族Kazakhs	202	0	0
小计Subtotal	37 724	323	0.86
职业 Occupation
干部Cadre	596	1	0.17
工人Workers	1 033	0	0
家务及待业 Housework and unemployment	487	1	0.21
离退人员Retiree	539	0	0
民工Migrant workers	177	5	2.82
牧民Herdsman	9 361	3	0.03
农民Peasant	13 976	188	1.35
散居儿童 Diaspora children	226	0	0
商业服务 Business services	454	0	0
学生Student	7 005	61	0.87
幼托儿童 Nursery child	3 153	61	1.93
其他Others	717	3	0.42
小计Subtotal	37 724	323	0.86

调查地区	调查县（市、区）	检查人数	感染数	感染率/%
Area investigated	County (City， District)	No. exam’d	No. infected	Infection rate/%
果洛州Golo Prefecture	班玛县Banma County	986	0	0
	达日县Dari County	1 011	0	0
	甘德县Gande County	1 103	0	0
	玛多县Maduo County	982	0	0
	玛沁县Maqin County	982	0	0
海北州Haibei Prefecture	刚察县Gangcha County	1 006	0	0
	海晏县Haiyan County	1 042	0	0
	祁连县Qilian County	1 019	4	0.39
海东市Haidong City	化隆县Hualong County	1 241	11	0.89
	乐都区Ledu County	1 010	18	1.78
	循化县Xunhua County	1 000	3	0.30
海南州Hainan Prefecture	贵德县Guide County	1 012	24	2.37
	同德县Tongde County	983	0	0
海西州Haixi Prefecture	大柴旦Dachaidan	1 017	0	0
	茫崖市Mang’ai City	993	0	0
黄南州Huangnan Prefecture	尖扎县Jianza County	997	1	0.10
	泽库县Zeku County	1 043	3	0.29
西宁市Xining City	城北区Chengbei District	999	0	0
	城东区Chengdong District	1 007	5	0.50
	城中区Chengzhong District	998	2	0.20
	大通县Datong County	998	27	2.71
	湟中县Huangzhong County	1 017	5	0.49
玉树州Yushu Prefecture	称多县Chengduo County	955	0	0
	囊谦县Nangqian County	1 005	0	0
	曲麻莱县Qumalai County	993	0	0
	玉树市Yushu City	1 006	0	0
	杂多县Zaduo County	1 000	0	0
合计Total		27 405	103	0.38

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