Awareness and influencing factors of knowledge on echinococcosis prevention and control among adults in Qinghai Province

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.06.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To understand the awareness of echinococcosis prevention and control knowledge among adults in Qinghai Province, and provide the basis for precise prevention and control. Methods From March to August 2021, adults aged 18 to 80 were selected from 34 counties (districts) in 8 cities (prefectures) of Qinghai Province to conduct a survey on the awareness of echinococcosis prevention and control knowledge. The questionnaire include 9 questions about the source of infection, transmission route, susceptible population, main symptoms and national preferential policies of echinococcosis. 1 correct answer counted as 1 point, and more than 6 correct answers were judged as qualified. At the same time, the participant’s demographic data were collected, including age, gender, nationality, education level, occupation, monthly family income, type of residential region, and participation in health education on echinococcosis. The awareness rate and pass rate of echinococcosis prevention and control knowledge were calculated, and the influencing factors of the pass rate of echinococcosis prevention and control knowledge were analysed by single-factor and multi-factor analysis. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 37 400 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, and 33 359 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 89.2%. The total awareness rate of echinococcosis prevention and control knowledge was 64.2%, and the pass rate was 57.2% (19 076/33 359). The top three areas with the highest awareness rate are Xining City (70.5%), Haixi Prefecture (68.9%) and Guoluo Prefecture (68.0%) respectively; these are also the top three areas with the highest pass rate are Xining City (68.8%, 2 617/3 803), Guoluo Prefecture (67.4%, 1 844/2 734) and Haixi Prefecture (65.4%, 2 811/4 299). Haidong City had the lowest awareness rate (58.3%) and qualified rate (46.6%, 2 525/5 422). The results of the univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference between age, nationality, education level, occupation, monthly family income, regional type, participation in health education on echinococcosis knowledge and the pass rate of adult echinococcosis prevention and control knowledge in Qinghai Province (χ² = 7.15, 35.30, 251.00, 676.29, 179.30, 10.86, 2 704.80; P < 0.05). The results of the multifactor analysis showed that the main factors influencing the pass rate of adult hydatid disease prevention and control knowledge in Qinghai Province were: ethnic group (with Han as the control, Tibetan OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82-0.93; Hui OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77-0.91), an education level (with primary school and below groups as the control, Junior/Senior high school OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10-1.23; university and above OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.27-1.53), Occupation (compared with unemployed, OR = 1.38 for farmers, 95% CI: 1.27-1.49; OR = 1.67 for herdsmen, 95% CI: 1.53-1.82; OR = 2.28 for officials/institutions, 95% CI: 2.01-2.59), monthly family income (compared with ≤ 1 000 yuan, OR = 1.10 for 1 001-3 000 yuan, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17; OR = 1.15 for > 5 000 yuan, 95% CI: 1.04-1.26), Regional type (agricultural area as a control, animal husbandry area OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.19) and participation in health education on hydatid disease related knowledge (compared with not, yes OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 3.25-3.58). Conclusion The awareness level of adult echinococcosis prevention and control knowledge in Qinghai Province is not high. The main factors affecting the pass rate are nationality, education level, occupation, family monthly income, regional type and participation in health education on echinococcosis knowledge.

Key words: Prevention and Control Knowledge of echinococcosis, Awareness rate, Pass rate, Qinghai, Adults

CLC Number:

R532.32

LIU Yu-ying, ZHANG Tian-tian, MA Xiao, LEI Wen, MA Bing-cun, LIU Shou. Awareness and influencing factors of knowledge on echinococcosis prevention and control among adults in Qinghai Province[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2022, 40(6): 723-729.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Table 2

Awareness rate and pass rate of knowledge on prevention and control of echinococcosis among adults in different regions of Qinghai Province

地区Region	调查人数 No. investigated	知晓人次数 Person-time of awareness	知晓率 Awareness rate/%	合格人数 No. qualified	合格率 Qualified rate/%
果洛藏族自治州 Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
班玛县Banma County	425	2 775	72.6	312	73.4
甘德县Gande County	477	2 630	61.3	258	54.1
玛沁县Maqin County	941	5 726	67.6	666	70.8
达日县Dari County	891	5 612	70.0	608	68.2
小计Subtotal	2 734	16 743	68.0	1 844	67.4
海西蒙古族藏族自治州 Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
格尔木市Golmud City	1 000	5 660	62.9	562	56.2
德令哈市Delingha City	1 006	5 428	60.0	546	54.3
乌兰县Wulan County	1 101	8 603	86.8	1 001	90.9
天峻县Tianjun County	1 192	6 951	64.8	702	58.9
小计Subtotal	4 299	26 642	68.9	2 811	65.4
海南藏族自治州 Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
共和县Gonghe County	1 134	6 416	62.9	643	56.7
贵德县Guide County	359	2 326	72.0	257	71.6
贵南县Guinan County	1 049	5 841	61.9	580	55.3
同德县Tongde County	711	4 467	69.8	437	61.5
兴海县Xinghai County	935	4 725	56.2	401	42.9
小计Subtotal	4 188	23 775	63.1	2 318	55.4
玉树藏族州 Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
玉树市Yushu City	1 140	6 233	60.8	573	50.3
称多县Chengduo County	970	5 115	58.6	476	49.1
囊谦县Nangqian County	476	3 291	76.8	339	71.2
曲麻莱县Qumalai County	1 026	5 646	61.1	551	53.7
小计Subtotal	3 612	20 285	62.4	1 939	53.7
海北藏族自治州 Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
门源县Menyuan County	1 224	6 651	60.4	586	47.9
祁连县Qilian County	1 168	5 896	56.1	494	42.3
海晏县Haiyan County	1 205	6 837	63.0	642	53.3
刚察县Gangcha County	1 208	7 440	68.4	821	68.0
小计Subtotal	4 805	26 824	62.0	2 543	52.9
黄南藏族自治州 Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
同仁县Tongren County	1 199	7 107	65.9	73	61.4
河南县Henan County	1 016	5 989	65.5	575	56.6
尖扎县Jianzha County	1 105	5 559	55.9	418	37.8
泽库县Zeku County	1 176	7 144	67.5	750	63.8
小计Subtotal	4 496	25 799	63.8	2 479	55.1
西宁市 Xining
大通县Datong County	1 196	6 866	63.8	689	57.6
湟中县Huangzhong County	1 436	11 065	85.6	1 366	95.1
湟源县Huangyuan County	1 171	6 211	58.9	562	48.0
小计Subtotal	3 803	24 142	70.5	2 617	68.8
海东市 Haidong
循化县Xunhua County	328	1 757	59.5	167	50.9
化隆县Hualong County	1 023	5 701	61.9	554	54.2
平安区Ping’an District	1 066	5 078	52.9	357	33.5
互助县Huzhu County	1 051	4 114	43.5	225	21.4
乐都区Leduo District	1 025	5 875	63.7	632	61.7
民和县Minhe County	929	5 898	70.5	590	63.5
小计Subtotal	5 422	28 423	58.3	2 525	46.6
合计Total	33 359	192 633	64.2	19 076	57.2

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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调查内容 Survey content	知晓人数 No. awarenessed	知晓率/% Wareness rate/%
传染源Sources of infection
棘球蚴病是什么样的一种疾病? What is echinococcosis?	21 024	63.0
小计 Subtotal	21 024	63.0
传播途径Way of transmission
人和牛羊是怎样得棘球蚴病的? How does humans, cattle, and sheep contract echinococcosis?	15 866	47.6
犬是怎么感染棘球绦虫的? How do dogs get Echinococcus?	21 704	65.1
怎样防止犬将棘球蚴病传给人? How can people prevent echinococcosis transmitted through dogs?	21 447	64.3
人怎么预防棘球蚴病? How to prevent echinococcosis?	22 027	66.0
小计 Subtotal	81 044	60.7
易感人群Vulnerable population
下列哪一类人容易得棘球蚴病? Which of the following people is more prone to contract echinococcosis?	26 275	78.8
小计 Subtotal	26 275	78.8
症状Symptoms
棘球蚴病好发部位? Echinococcosis prone site?	26 476	79.4
人患肝多房棘球蚴病的主要症状? What are the main symptoms of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in humans?	19 510	58.5
小计 Subtotal	45 986	68.9
优惠政策 Preferential policies
是否了解国家给予棘球蚴病手术患者手术补助? Are you aware of the subsidies to echinococcosis patients for surgery provided by the government?	18 304	54.9
小计 Subtotal	18 304	54.9
合计Total	192 633	64.16

变量 Variables	分类 Categories	调查人数 No. investigated	合格人数 No. qualified	合格率/% qualified rate/%	χ²值 χ² value	P值 P value
年龄组/岁 Age group/Years	18~40（青年Youth）	18 876	10 785	57.1	7.15	< 0.05
年龄组/岁 Age group/Years	41~65（中年Middle aged）	13 496	7 766	57.5
	> 65（老年Elderly）	987	525	53.2
性别Gender	男性 Male	17 477	9 914	56.7	3.15	> 0.05
	女性 Female	15 882	9 162	57.7
民族Ethnics	汉族 Han	12 471	7 246	58.1	35.30	< 0.01
	藏族 Tibetan	16 065	9 182	57.2
	回族 Hui	2 872	1 500	52.2
	其他 Others	1 951	1 148	58.8
教育程度 Education level	小学及以下 Primary school and below	16 407	8 887	54.2	251.00	< 0.01
教育程度 Education level	初高中（含中专） Junior/Senior high school (including technical secondary school)	11 288	6 437	57.0
	大学及以上（含大专） University and above (including Junior college)	5 664	3 752	66.2
主要职业 Main occupation	无业 Unemployed	3 393	1 505	44.4	676.29	< 0.01
主要职业 Main occupation	农民 Farmer	12 136	6 615	54.5
	牧民 Herdsman	8 891	5 391	60.6
	机关/事业单位人员 Organs/Institutions staff	3 664	2 663	72.9
	其他 Others	5 275	2 902	55.0
家庭月收入/元Monthly household income/Yuan	≤ 1 000	7 040	3 727	52.9	179.30	< 0.01
家庭月收入/元Monthly household income/Yuan	1 001~3 000	13 994	7 936	56.7
	3 001~5 000	8 125	4 651	57.2
	> 5 000	4 200	2 762	65.8
地区类型 Region type	农业区 Agricultural region	9 225	5 142	55.7	10.86	< 0.01
地区类型 Region type	牧业区 Pastoral region	24 134	13 934	57.7
参加过健康宣教Participated in health education	否 No	10 470	3 806	36.4	2 704.80	< 0.01
参加过健康宣教Participated in health education	是 Yes	22 889	15 270	66.7

变量Variables	分类Categories	β	Wald	P	OR	95% CI
年龄组/岁 Age group/years	18~40（青年，对照）（Youth, ref)
年龄组/岁 Age group/years	41~64（中年Middle aged)	0.05	4.06	< 0.05	1.05	(1.01~1.11)
	> 65（老年Elderly）	0.02	0.07	> 0.05	1.02	(0.89~1.17)
民族Ethnics	汉族（对照） Han (ref)
	藏族 Tibetan	-0.14	19.26	< 0.01	0.87	(0.82~0.93)
	回族 Hui	-0.18	16.38	< 0.01	0.84	(0.77~0.91)
	其他 Others	-0.06	1.07	> 0.05	0.95	(0.85~1.05)
教育程度 Education level	小学及以下（对照） Primary school and below (ref)
	初高中（含中专） Junior/Senior high school (including technical secondary school)	0.15	26.22	< 0.01	1.16	(1.10~1.23)
	大学及以上（含大专） University and above (including Junior college)	0.33	49.11	< 0.01	1.39	(1.27~1.53)
主要职业 Main occupation	无业（对照） Unemployed (ref)
主要职业 Main occupation	农民 Farmer	0.32	57.21	< 0.01	1.38	(1.27~1.49)
	牧民 Herdsman	0.51	134.47	< 0.01	1.67	(1.53~1.82)
	机关/事业单位人员Organs/Institutions staff	0.83	164.88	< 0.01	2.28	(2.01~2.59)
	其他 Others	0.34	46.66	< 0.01	1.40	(1.27~1.54)
家庭月收入（元）Monthly household income (yuan)	≤ 1000（对照）
家庭月收入（元）Monthly household income (yuan)	1 001~3 000	0.10	9.98	< 0.01	1.10	(1.04~1.17)
	3 001~5 000	0.07	3.63	> 0.05	1.07	(0.99~1.15)
	> 5 000	0.14	7.80	< 0.01	1.15	(1.04~1.26)
地区类型 Region type	农业区（对照） Agricultural region (ref)
地区类型 Region type	牧业区 Pastoral region	0.11	12.43	< 0.01	1.12	(1.05~1.19)
参加过健康宣教Participated in health education	否（对照） No (ref)
参加过健康宣教Participated in health education	是 Yes	1.23	2 374.61	< 0.01	3.41	(3.25~3.58)