中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2004, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 13-247.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

肾移植后并发卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎12例临床研究

孙明,杨宇如,卢一平,王莉,唐科仕,魏强,李虹
  

  1. 四川大学华西医院泌尿外科,成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2004-08-30 发布日期:2004-08-30

Diagnosis and Therapy of Pneumocystosis Complicated after Renal Transplantation

SUN Ming,YANG Yu-ru,LU Yi-ping,WANG Li,TANG Ke-shi,WEI Qiang,LI Hong
  

  1. Department of Urology,Westchina Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610041,China
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2004-08-30 Published:2004-08-30

摘要:   目的 探讨肾移植后并发卡氏肺孢子虫 (Pc)肺炎 (PCP)的诊断、治疗和预防方法。 方法 总结12例肾移植后确诊为PCP患者的临床表现、实验室检查、X线胸片及肺部CT、支气管镜检和活检等诊断方法和预防措施。结果 肺泡灌洗液涂片Pc检出率为167%,纤维支气管镜肺组织活检Pc包囊检出率为667%。2例痰标本PCR法检出Pc病原体。X线胸片呈间质性肺炎表现占583% ,CT肺部呈多发毛玻璃样改变占50%,肺泡实变影改变占25%。预防和治疗药物为复方磺胺甲基口恶唑(即磺胺甲基口恶唑SMZ/甲氧苄氨嘧啶TMP)。除1例呼吸衰竭死亡,其余均治愈,肾功能维持正常水平。 结论 肾移植后并发PCP患者早期表现为发热、干咳等非特异症状,实验室检查无明显特异性,X线胸片可提示PCP的存在,CT可帮助对PCP病理改变的进一步理解。支气管镜肺组织活检,查见卡氏肺孢子虫包囊可确诊。SMZ/TMP为首选的综合预防、治疗药物。

关键词: 卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎, 肾移植, 手术后并发症, 诊断, 药物疗法, 化学预防

Abstract:  Objective To investigate the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pneumocystosis complicated after renal transplantation. Methods Data from 12 cases of kidney transplant recipients who developed pneumocystosis were analyzed by clinical symptoms and signs, results of laboratory examination, imaging, bronchoscopy and biopsy. Combined TMP/SMZ was used for the prevention and treatment. esults Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) detection rate was 167% from alveolar douche, 667% with bronchoscopy and biopsy. Two cases was diagnosed by PCR method with sputum. Plain chest film showed 583% of lung cirrhosis. CT showed 50% frosted glass like change in lungs and 25% with lung consolidation. Eleven cases were cured but one died. Conclusion Pc detection by bronchoscopy and biopsy, and PCR are most helpful in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis complicated with renal transplantation, in addition to plain chest film and CT scaning. Combined TMP SMZ is effective in the prevention and treatment of pneumocystosis.

Key words: Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii, Kidney transplantation, Postoperative complications, Diagnosis, Drug therapy, Chemoprevention