2020年全国人体土源性线虫感染情况分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.03.011

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 331-335.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.03.011

2020年全国人体土源性线虫感染情况分析

张米禛(), 黄继磊, 朱慧慧, 周长海, 诸廷俊, 钱门宝, 陈颖丹, 李石柱^*()

中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，国家级热带病国际联合研究中心，上海 200025

收稿日期:2022-09-05 修回日期:2023-01-21 出版日期:2023-06-30 发布日期:2023-06-19
通讯作者: *李石柱（1976-），男，博士，研究员，从事寄生虫病流行病学研究。E-mail：lisz@chinacdc.cn
作者简介:张米禛（1992-），女，硕士，实习研究员，从事寄生虫病防控研究。E-mail：zhangmz@nipd.chinacdc.cn

Epidemiological analysis of soil-transmitted nematode infections in China in 2020

ZHANG Mizhen(), HUANG Jilei, ZHU Huihui, ZHOU Changhai, ZHU Tingjun, QIAN Menbao, CHEN Yingdan, LI Shizhu^*()

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2022-09-05 Revised:2023-01-21 Online:2023-06-30 Published:2023-06-19
Contact: *E-mail: lisz@chinacdc.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解我国人体土源性线虫感染情况，为评估各省（直辖市、自治区）土源性线虫病监测工作开展情况、改进和完善防治策略提供支持。方法 2020年在全国31个省（直辖市、自治区）的408个人体土源性线虫病国家监测点开展监测工作。各监测点以县为单位，按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中等5个片区，每个片区抽取1个乡（镇）的1个行政村3周岁以上的常住居民200人，每个监测点共计调查1 000人。采集被调查者粪样，采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪二检）检查钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和蛲虫的感染情况，并分别计算感染率和感染度。采集调查点每个行政村田地或菜园土样，采用45 ℃、5%盐水鉴定土壤中钩蚴，采用饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检查土壤中人蛔虫卵。结果 2020年全国31个省（直辖市、自治区）的408个监测点人体土源性线虫总感染率为0.84%（3 485/415 672），其中感染率最高省份为海南（6.34%，199/3 141），其次为云南（5.80%，963/16 616）和四川（3.66%，592/16 168）；女性土源性线虫感染率为0.91%（1 944/213 591），高于男性的0.76%（1 541/202 081）（χ² = 27.20，P < 0.01）；≥ 60岁年龄组土源性线虫感染率最高，为1.26%（1 376/109 251），各年龄组间感染率差异有统计学意义（χ² = 382.28，P < 0.01）。监测点钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫的感染率分别为0.51%（2 016/415 672）、0.19%（805/415 672）和0.16%（673/415 672）。其中钩虫、鞭虫仅检出轻度感染者，蛔虫轻度和中度感染者占比分别为99.25%（799/805）和0.75%（6/805）。28个省（直辖市、自治区）监测点共检测土壤样品2 604份，土壤中人蛔虫卵阳性率为3.07%（80/2 604），钩蚴阳性率为2.42%（63/2 604）。结论 2020年全国人体土源性线虫感染率总体上继续维持较低水平，但地域差异仍较大，高感染率地区依然存在。需要加强对60岁以上人群、妇女和儿童等重点人群的防治工作，开展健康教育等。

关键词: 土源性线虫, 感染率, 监测, 钩虫, 蛔虫, 鞭虫

Abstract:

Objective To understand the situation of soil-transmitted nematode infection in China in 2020 and provide support for evaluating the development of surveillance on soil-transmitted nematodiasis in various provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions, and improving and perfecting the control strategies. Methods Surveillance was carried out in 408 national surveillance sites (counties) in 31 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in China in 2020. With the county as unit, each site was divided into 5 areas geographically: east, west, south, north, and central part, followed by selecting one township (town), and therein one administrative village was selected from wherein, 200 permanent residents over the age of 3 were sampled. A total of 1 000 people were surveyed at each surveillance site. Fecal samples were collected from the sampled villagers, and examined by using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slide-reading for each sample) for infection of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis, to calculate the infection rate and intensity, respectively. In addition, soil samples were collected from fields or vegetable gardens of each village in the survey site, and examined for hookworm larvae using 5% saline at 45 ℃, and for Ascaris eggs by saturated sodium nitrate flotation method. Results In 2020, the overall infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode in residents was 0.84% (3 485/415 672) in 408 surveillance sites of 31 provinces (municipalities/autonomous regions), with the highest found in Hainan (6.34%, 199/3 141), followed by Yunnan (5.80%, 963/16 616) and Sichuan (3.66%, 592/16 168); infection rate in females was 0.91% (1 944/213 591), which was higher than that of 0.76% in males (1 541/202 081) (χ² = 27.20, P < 0.01). The soil-transmitted nematode infection rate was the highest in the age group ≥ 60-years-old, which is 1.26% (1 376/109 251). The difference between each age group was statistically significant (χ² = 382.28, P < 0.01). The infection rates of hookworm, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura were 0.51% (2 016/415 672), 0.19% (805/415 672) and 0.16% (673/415 672), respectively. Among them, hookworm and T. trichiura had only mildly infected cases. The proportions of mild and moderate A. lumbricoides infections were 99.25% (799/805) and 0.75% (6/805), respectively. In 2020, 2 604 soil samples were examined and found that the positive rate of Ascaris eggs and hookworms was 3.07% (80/2 604) and 2.42% (63/2 604), respectively. Conclusion In 2020, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode in China remains at a low level in general, but the regional differences are still significant, and the areas with high infection rates still exist. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the control measures for the key groups of people over age of 60, women and children, and carry out health education.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematode, Infection rate, Surveillance, Hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura

中图分类号:

R532.1

张米禛, 黄继磊, 朱慧慧, 周长海, 诸廷俊, 钱门宝, 陈颖丹, 李石柱. 2020年全国人体土源性线虫感染情况分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2023, 41(3): 331-335.

ZHANG Mizhen, HUANG Jilei, ZHU Huihui, ZHOU Changhai, ZHU Tingjun, QIAN Menbao, CHEN Yingdan, LI Shizhu. Epidemiological analysis of soil-transmitted nematode infections in China in 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2023, 41(3): 331-335.

图/表 2

表1

2020年全国监测点人群土源性线虫感染情况

省（直辖市、自治区） Province (Municipality, Autonomous Region)	监测点数 No. surveillance site	监测人数 No. surveyed	土源性线虫 Soil-transmitted nematode		钩虫 Hookworm		蛔虫 Ascaris lumbricoides		鞭虫 Trichuris trichiura
省（直辖市、自治区） Province (Municipality, Autonomous Region)	监测点数 No. surveillance site	监测人数 No. surveyed	总感染人数 No. infected	总感染率/% Overall infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%
北京 Beijing	3	3 055	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
天津 Tianjin	2	2 015	4	0.20	0	0	4	0.20	0	0
河北 Hebei	14	14 173	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
山西 Shanxi	18	18 019	4	0.02	0	0	4	0.02	0	0
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	10	10 018	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
辽宁 Liaoning	14	14 071	15	0.11	0	0	13	0.09	2	0.01
吉林 Jilin	12	12 000	30	0.25	0	0	30	0.25	2	0.02
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	19	19 194	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
上海 Shanghai	3	3 135	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
江苏 Jiangsu	11	11 248	21	0.19	6	0.05	11	0.10	4	0.04
浙江 Zhejiang	10	10 171	59	0.58	59	0.58	0	0	0	0
安徽 Anhui	21	21 554	101	0.47	92	0.43	3	0.01	8	0.04
福建 Fujian	12	12 536	92	0.73	80	0.64	0	0	12	0.10
江西 Jiangxi	14	14 282	92	0.64	72	0.5	17	0.12	3	0.02
山东 Shandong	14	14 436	106	0.73	4	0.03	18	0.12	84	0.58
河南 Henan	19	19 496	38	0.19	23	0.12	8	0.04	7	0.04
湖北 Hubei	10	10 234	5	0.05	0	0	1	0.01	4	0.04
湖南 Hunan	38	38 032	284	0.75	164	0.43	106	0.28	19	0.05
广东 Guangdong	28	28 879	83	0.29	46	0.16	14	0.05	25	0.09
广西 Guangxi	16	16 442	246	1.50	202	1.23	7	0.04	39	0.24
海南 Hainan	3	3 141	199	6.34	166	5.28	1	0.03	32	1.02
重庆 Chongqing	6	6 155	76	1.23	69	1.12	5	0.08	2	0.03
四川 Sichuan	16	16 168	592	3.66	500	3.09	88	0.54	12	0.07
贵州 Guizhou	14	14 075	255	1.81	54	0.38	125	0.89	102	0.72
云南 Yunnan	16	16 616	963	5.80	569	3.42	132	0.79	314	1.89
西藏 Xizang	7	7 082	118	1.67	0	0	116	1.64	2	0.03
陕西 Shaanxi	9	9 130	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
甘肃 Gansu	18	17 698	11	0.06	0	0	11	0.06	0	0
青海 Qinghai	8	8 304	49	0.59	0	0	49	0.59	0	0
宁夏 Ningxia	10	10 772	22	0.20	0	0	22	0.20	0	0
新疆 Xinjiang	13	13 541	20	0.15	0	0	20	0.15	0	0
合计 Total	408	415 672	3 485	0.84	2 106	0.51	805	0.19	673	0.16

表1

图1

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2020年全国人体土源性线虫感染情况分析

Epidemiological analysis of soil-transmitted nematode infections in China in 2020

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