中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 213-218.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.02.014
孙慧1(), 李立1, 闫鸿斌1, 李秀荣1, 付宝权1,2, 贾万忠1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2022-07-18
修回日期:
2022-09-12
出版日期:
2023-04-30
发布日期:
2023-05-10
通讯作者:
贾万忠
作者简介:
孙慧(1999-),女,硕士研究生,从事棘球蚴病免疫学和生物学研究。E-mail:2247300721@qq.com
基金资助:
SUN Hui1(), LI Li1, YAN Hongbin1, LI Xiurong1, FU Baoquan1,2, JIA Wanzhong1,2,*()
Received:
2022-07-18
Revised:
2022-09-12
Online:
2023-04-30
Published:
2023-05-10
Contact:
JIA Wanzhong
Supported by:
摘要:
棘球蚴病是由棘球绦虫的中绦期幼虫引起的一种重要的人兽共患寄生虫病,在我国主要流行于西部地区。奥氏棘球绦虫的形态和发育特征与细粒棘球绦虫等存在显著差异,为棘球属内独立的种,其适宜中间宿主为牛。人、猪、骆驼、绵羊、山羊、狐猴和鹿等均可感染奥氏棘球蚴。本文对奥氏棘球绦虫形态学、遗传变异、分子遗传标记等特性和流行现状进行综述,为棘球蚴病的流行病学调查、防控和监测等提供参考依据。
中图分类号:
孙慧, 李立, 闫鸿斌, 李秀荣, 付宝权, 贾万忠. 奥氏棘球绦虫分子遗传标志特征及其流行病学研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2023, 41(2): 213-218.
SUN Hui, LI Li, YAN Hongbin, LI Xiurong, FU Baoquan, JIA Wanzhong. Research progress on molecular markers and epidemiology of Echinococcus ortleppi[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2023, 41(2): 213-218.
表2
不同国家奥氏棘球绦虫中间宿主/终末宿主感染情况
国家 | 中间/终末宿主 | 感染数/人或只 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
墨西哥 | 人 | 1 | [ |
巴西 | 人、犬、牛 | 1、1、535 | [ |
智利 | 牛 | 2 | [ |
乌拉圭 | 牛 | [ | |
阿根廷 | 人、牛、犬 | 1、51、2 | [ |
玻利维亚 | 牛、犬 | 5、2 | [ |
意大利 | 牛 | 1 | [ |
荷兰 | 人 | 1 | [ |
法国 | 人、牛 | 4、7 | [ |
波兰 | 灰狼、人 | 1、1 | [ |
英国 | 斑鹿 | 1 | [ |
波斯尼亚和 黑塞哥维那 | 豪猪 | 1 | [ |
德国 | 人 | 1 | [ |
瑞士 | 人 | 1 | [ |
印度 | 牛、水牛、猪、人 | 3、2、4、1 | [ |
尼泊尔 | 水牛、绵羊、山羊 | 14、2、2 | [ |
不丹 | 牛 | 1 | [ |
越南 | 猴、人 | 1、2 | [ |
中国 | 人 | 1 | [ |
巴基斯坦 | 牛 | 8 | [ |
伊朗 | 骆驼、绵羊、山羊 | 1、1、1 | [ |
土耳其 | 犬 | 1 | [ |
埃及 | 骆驼 | 1 | [ |
苏丹 | 骆驼 | 1 | [ |
埃塞俄比亚 | 牛、猪 | 12、1 | [ |
肯尼亚 | 牛、猪、山羊、 骆驼、绵羊、犬 | 71、1、3、 2、1、1 | [ |
纳米比亚 | 牛、羚羊、斑马 | 35、3、1 | [ |
赞比亚 | 牛、猪 | 52、1 | [ |
[1] |
Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2004, 17(1): 107-135.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.17.1.107-135.2004 pmid: 14726458 |
[2] |
Andrew Thompson RC, McManus DP. Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Echinococcus[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2002, 18(10): 452-457.
doi: 10.1016/s1471-4922(02)02358-9 pmid: 12377596 |
[3] |
Obwaller A, Schneider R, Walochnik J, et al. Echinococcus granulosus strain differentiation based on sequence heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of cytochrome coxidase-1 and NADH dehydrogenase-1[J]. Parasitology, 2004, 128(Pt5): 569-575.
doi: 10.1017/S0031182004004871 |
[4] |
Romig T, Ebi D, Wassermann M. Taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2015, 213(3/4): 76-84.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.035 |
[5] | Ortlepp R. Echinococcus in dogs from Pretoria and vicinity[J]. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 1934, 3: 97-108. |
[6] |
Sharma M, Fomda BA, Mazta S, et al. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure analysis of Echinococcus granulosussensu stricto complex based on mitochondrial DNA signature[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e82904.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082904 |
[7] |
Balbinotti H, Santos GB, Badaraco J, et al. Echinococcus ortleppi(G5) and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1) loads in cattle from Southern Brazil[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2012, 188(3/4): 255-260.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.007 |
[8] |
Pednekar RP, Gatne ML, Andrew Thompson RC, et al. Molecular and morphological characterisation of Echinococcus from food producing animals in India[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2009, 165(1/2): 58-65.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.021 |
[9] |
Sharbatkhori M, Harandi MF, Mirhendi H, et al. Sequence analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes in Echinococcus granulosus G3 genotype in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from central Iran[J]. Parasitol Res, 2011, 108(3): 521-527.
doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-2092-7 pmid: 20922418 |
[10] |
Zhang LH, Joshi DD, McManus DP. Three genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus identified in Nepal using mitochondrial DNA markers[J]. Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2000, 94(3): 258-260.
doi: 10.1016/S0035-9203(00)90313-4 |
[11] |
Denk D, Boufana B, Masters NJ, et al. Fatal echinococcosis in three lemurs in the United Kingdom: a case series[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2016, 218: 10-14.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.033 |
[12] |
Boufana B, Stidworthy MF, Bell S, et al. Echinococcus and Taenia spp. from captive mammals in the United Kingdom[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2012, 190(1/2): 95-103.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.05.023 |
[13] |
Nakao M, Yanagida T, Okamoto M, et al. State-of-the-art Echinococcus and Taenia: phylogenetic taxonomy of human-pathogenic tapeworms and its application to molecular diagnosis[J]. Infect Genet Evol, 2010, 10(4): 444-452.
doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.01.011 |
[14] |
Andrew Thompson RC, Kumaratilake LM, Eckert J. Observations on Echinococcus granulosus of cattle origin in Switzerland[J]. Int J Parasitol, 1984, 14(3): 283-291.
pmid: 6469448 |
[15] | Verster AJ. Review of Echinococcus species in South Africa[J]. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 1965, 32: 7-118. |
[16] | Jia WZ. Echinococcosis[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2015: 45-120. (in Chinese) |
(贾万忠. 棘球蚴病[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2015: 45-120.) | |
[17] |
Brown WM, George M Jr, Wilson AC. Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1979, 76(4): 1967-1971.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1967 pmid: 109836 |
[18] |
Avila HG, Mozzoni C, Trangoni MD, et al. Development of a copro-LAMP assay for detection of several species of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2020, 277: 109017.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.109017 |
[19] |
Hüttner M, Nakao M, Wassermann T, et al. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda:Taeniidae) from the African lion[J]. Int J Parasitol, 2008, 38(7): 861-868.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.10.013 pmid: 18062973 |
[20] |
(HidalgoA, Melo A, Romero F, et al. A PCR-RFLP assay for discrimination of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and Taenia spp. in dogs stool[J]. Exp Parasitol, 2019, 200: 42-47.
doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.03.015 |
[21] |
Maksimov P, Bergmann H, Wassermann M, et al. Species detection within the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex by novel probe-based real-time PCRs[J]. Pathogens, 2020, 9(10): 791.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens9100791 |
[22] | Wang HP, Li X, Sun SJ. Detection of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep liver from Kashi region of Xinjiang by degenerate primer q-PCR method[J]. Guangdong Med J, 2022, 43(1): 46-50. (in Chinese) |
(王会品, 李欣, 孙世珺. 简并引物q-PCR法检测新疆喀什地区羊肝组织中细粒棘球绦虫[J]. 广东医学, 2022, 43(1): 46-50.) | |
[23] | Yang D, Liu AQ, Zhao W, et al. Research progress on classification and classification of Echinococcus granulosus[J]. J Trop Med, 2015, 15(9): 1296-1299. (in Chinese) |
(杨东, 刘爱芹, 赵威, 等. 细粒棘球绦虫分型和分类研究进展[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2015, 15(9): 1296-1299.) | |
[24] | Fan YL, Lou ZZ, Li L, et al. Research progress on methods for the classification and identification of cestodes[J]. Chin J Zoonoses, 2014, 30(2): 199-206. (in Chinese) |
(范彦雷, 娄忠子, 李立, 等. 绦虫种的分类鉴定方法研究进展[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2014, 30(2): 199-206.) | |
[25] |
McManus DP, Rishi AK. Genetic heterogeneity within Echinococcus granulosus: isolates from different hosts and geographical areas characterized with DNA probes[J]. Parasitology, 1989, 99 Pt 1: 17-29.
pmid: 2552377 |
[26] | Ma XM, Ding JB, Yi TL, et al. Application of molecular biological techniques for classification of Echinococcus granulosus strains[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2009, 36(10): 1911-1913, 1929. (in Chinese) |
(马秀敏, 丁剑冰, 伊藤亮, 等. 分子生物学技术在细粒棘球绦虫虫株分类研究中的应用[J]. 现代预防医学, 2009, 36(10): 1911-1913, 1929.) | |
[27] | Wei YH, Hu Y, Cao JP. Advances in the genetic polymorphism of Echinococcus granulosus[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2019, 37(4): 481-485. (in Chinese) |
(魏玉环, 胡媛, 曹建平. 细粒棘球绦虫基因多态性的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2019, 37(4): 481-485.) | |
[28] |
Maillard S, Gottstein B, Haag KL, et al. The EmsB tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite: a new tool to investigate genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2009, 47(11): 3608-3616.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.00938-09 pmid: 19741078 |
[29] |
Bowles J, Blair D, McManus DP. Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing[J]. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1992, 54(2): 165-173.
doi: 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90109-W |
[30] |
Maravilla P, Andrew Thompson RC, Palacios-Ruiz JA, et al. Echinococcus granulosus cattle strain identification in an autochthonous case of cystic echinococcosis in central Mexico[J]. Acta Trop, 2004, 92(3): 231-236.
pmid: 15533292 |
[31] |
Karamon J, Samorek-Pieróg M, Sroka J, et al. The first record of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) tapeworms in grey wolf (Canis lupus)[J]. Pathogens, 2021, 10(7): 853.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens10070853 |
[32] |
de la Rue ML, Takano K, Brochado JF, et al. Infection of humans and animals with Echinococcus granulosus (G1 and G3 strains) and E. ortleppi in Southern Brazil[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2011, 177(1/2): 97-103.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.018 |
[33] |
Corrêa F, Stoore C, Horlacher P, et al. First description of Echinococcus ortleppi and cystic echinococcosis infection status in Chile[J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(5): e0197620.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197620 |
[34] |
Cucher MA, Macchiaroli N, Baldi G, et al. Cystic echinococcosis in South America: dystematic review of species and genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in humans and natural domestic hosts[J]. Trop Med Int Health, 2016, 21(2): 166-175.
doi: 10.1111/tmi.2016.21.issue-2 |
[35] |
Kamenetzky L, Gutierrez AM, Canova SG, et al. Several strains of Echinococcus granulosus infect livestock and humans in Argentina[J]. Infect Genet Evol, 2002, 2(2): 129-136.
pmid: 12797989 |
[36] |
Ali V, Martinez E, Duran P, et al. Echinococcus granulosussensu stricto Echinococcus ortleppi; and E. intermedius (G7) are present in Bolivia[J]. Parasitology, 2020, 147(9): 949-956.
doi: 10.1017/S0031182020000529 pmid: 32234095 |
[37] |
Casulli A, Manfredi MT, La Rosa G, et al. Echinococcus ortleppi and E. granulosus G1, G2 and G3 genotypes in Italian bovines[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2008, 155(1/2): 168-172.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.004 |
[38] |
Grenouillet F, Umhang G, Arbez-Gindre F, et al. Echinococcus ortleppi infections in humans and cattle, France[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2014, 20(12): 2100-2102.
doi: 10.3201/eid2012.140641 pmid: 25417697 |
[39] | Deplazes P, Rinaldi L, Alvarez Rojas CA, et al. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis[J]. Adv Parasitol, 2017, 95: 315-493. |
[40] | Dybicz M, Borkowski PK, Jonas M, et al. First report of Echinococcus ortleppi in human cases of cystic echinococcosis in Poland[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 2474839. |
[41] |
Bowles J, van Knapen F, McManus D. Cattle strain of Echinococcus granulosus and human infection[J]. Lancet, 1992, 339(8805): 1358.
pmid: 1350020 |
[42] |
Sharma M, Sehgal R, Fomda BA, et al. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in North Indian patients: identification of G1, G3, G5 and G6 genotypes[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013, 7(6): e2262.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002262 |
[43] |
Thapa NK, Armua-Fernandez MT, Kinzang D, et al. Detection of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus ortleppi in Bhutan[J]. Parasitol Int, 2017, 66(2): 139-141.
doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.12.010 |
[44] | Van De N, Le Van D. The first report of two cases of cystic echinococcosis in the lung by Echinococcus ortleppi infection, in Vietnam[J]. Res Rep Trop Med, 2017, 8(3): 45-51. |
[45] |
Shi YL, Wan XL, Wang ZY, et al. First description of Echinococcus ortleppi infection in China[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2019, 12(1): 398.
doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3653-y |
[46] |
Alvi MA, Ohiolei JA, Saqib M, et al. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto(G1, G3) and E. ortleppi (G5) in Pakistan: phylogeny, genetic diversity and population structural analysis based on mitochondrial DNA[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2020, 13(1): 347.
doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04199-8 |
[47] |
Gholami S, Behrestaghi LE, Sarvi S, et al. First description of the emergence of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5 genotype) in sheep and goats in Iran[J]. Parasitol Int, 2021, 83: 102316.
doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102316 |
[48] |
Avcioglu H, Guven E, Balkaya I, et al. The situation of echinococcosis in stray dogs in Turkey: the first finding of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus ortleppi[J]. Parasitology, 2021, 148(9): 1092-1098.
doi: 10.1017/S0031182021000755 |
[49] |
Amer S, Helal IB, Kamau E, et al. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from farm animals in Egypt[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3): e0118509.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118509 |
[50] |
Ahmed ME, Eltom KH, Musa NO, et al. First report on circulation of Echinococcus ortleppi in the one humped camel (Camelus dromedaries), Sudan[J]. BMC Vet Res, 2013, 9: 127.
doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-127 |
[51] |
Tigre W, Deresa B, Haile A, et al. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus s. l. cysts from cattle, camels, goats and pigs in Ethiopia[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2016, 215: 17-21.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.10.022 |
[52] |
Addy F, Alakonya A, Wamae N, et al. Prevalence and diversity of cystic echinococcosis in livestock in Maasailand, Kenya[J]. Parasitol Res, 2012, 111(6): 2289-2294.
doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-3082-8 pmid: 22915272 |
[53] |
Addy F, Wassermann M, Banda F, et al. Genetic polymorphism and population structure of Echinococcus ortleppi[J]. Parasitology, 2017, 144(4): 450-458.
doi: 10.1017/S0031182016001840 pmid: 27938426 |
[54] |
Nematdoost K, Ashrafi K, Majidi-Shad B, et al. Genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in livestock and human isolates from north of Iran indicates the presence of E. ortleppi in cattle[J]. Acta Parasit, 2021, 66(2): 446-454.
doi: 10.1007/s11686-020-00293-0 |
[55] |
Alvarez Rojas CA, Gauci CG, Lightowlers MW. Antigenic differences between the EG95-related proteins from Echinococcus granulosus G1 and G6 genotypes: implications for vaccination[J]. Parasite Immunol, 2013, 35(2): 99-102.
doi: 10.1111/pim.12009 pmid: 23009356 |
[56] |
Bart JM, Abdukader M, Zhang YL, et al. Genotyping of human cystic echinococcosis in Xinjiang, PR China[J]. Parasitology, 2006, 133(Pt 5): 571-579.
doi: 10.1017/S0031182006000734 pmid: 16836793 |
[57] |
Zhang TM, Yang D, Zeng ZL, et al. Genetic characterization of human-derived hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in Heilongjiang Province and the first report of G7 genotype of E. canadensis in humans in China[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(10): e109059.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109059 |
[58] |
Yang D, Zhang TM, Zeng ZL, et al. The first report of human-derived G10 genotype of Echinococcus canadensis in China and possible sources and routes of transmission[J]. Parasitol Int, 2015, 64(5): 330-333.
doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.05.001 |
[59] |
Mulinge E, Magambo J, Odongo D, et al. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus species in dogs from four regions of Kenya[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2018, 255: 49-57.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.029 |
[60] |
Basmaciyan L, Burlet B, Ramla S, et al. First case of human primary vertebral cystic echinococcosis due to Echinococcus ortleppi[J]. J Clin Med, 2018, 7(11): 443.
doi: 10.3390/jcm7110443 |
[61] |
Hodžić A, Alić A, Šupić J, et al. Echinococcus ortleppi, the cattle strain in a crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata): a new host record[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2018, 256: 32-34.
doi: S0304-4017(18)30161-4 pmid: 29887027 |
[62] |
Pourseif MM, Moghaddam G, Saeedi N, et al. Current status and future prospective of vaccine development against Echinococcus granulosus[J]. Biologicals, 2018, 51: 1-11.
doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.10.003 |
[63] |
Banda F, Sikasunge C, Addy F, et al. Echinococcus ortleppi and Echinococcus canadensis G6/7 affect domestic animals in western Zambia[J]. Acta Trop, 2020, 211: 105648.
doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105648 |
[1] | 罗卓韦, 周正斌, 公衍峰, 冯家鑫, 李元元, 张仪, 李石柱. 我国内脏利什曼病的流行现状和防控挑战[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022, 40(2): 146-152. |
[2] | 洪中, 吴铃铃, 王丽萍, 许静. 全球血吸虫病防控进展及面临的挑战[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(4): 514-519. |
[3] | 陈颖丹, 周长海, 朱慧慧, 黄继磊, 段磊, 诸廷俊, 钱门宝, 李石柱, 陈红根, 蔡黎, 胡桃, 雷正龙, 李华忠, 李中杰, 汪天平, 孙军玲, 许汴利, 严俊, 杨益超, 曾小军, 王国飞, 臧炜, 王聚君, 周晓农. 2015年全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(1): 5-12. |
[4] | 孙定炜, 刘莹, 王光泽, 林绍雄, 童重锦, 陈冬燕, 胡锡敏. 2015年海南省人体重点寄生虫感染现状调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2019, 37(3): 254-259. |
[5] | 阿达来提·托留汉, 漫格库丽·哈提木拉提, 阿合里江·卡依多拉, 哈丽努尔·热西提, 阿吉古丽·热合木吐, 王钦琰, 党希玲, 阿布来提·阿不都开里木. 新疆塔城地区棘球蚴病流行现状调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(6): 565-570. |
[6] | 臧新中, 李焕璋, 钱门宝, 朱慧慧, 周长海, 陈颖丹, 秦志强, 李石柱. 重点蠕虫病伤残权重研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(5): 510-515. |
[7] | 肖丹, 伍卫平, 雪莲, 贡桑曲珍, 次仁拉姆, 边巴卓玛, 王栋民. 阿里地区棘球蚴病流行现状[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(1): 54-57. |
[8] | 白玛央金, 伍卫平, 何瑞峰, 贡桑曲珍, 康珠益西, 索朗旺杰, 李斌. 山南市棘球蚴病流行现状调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(1): 63-68. |
[9] | 贡桑曲珍, 李斌, 陈伟奇, 嘎松, 索郎旺杰, 王栋民, 康珠益西, 李景中. 昌都市棘球蚴病流行现状分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(1): 68-74. |
[10] | 王栋民, 何瑞峰, 贡桑曲珍, 肖丹, 索郎旺杰, 雪莲, 边巴卓玛, 李景中. 林芝市棘球蚴病流行情况[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(1): 75-79. |
[11] | 边巴卓玛, 李斌, 陈伟奇, 王栋民, 肖丹, 边巴, 贡桑曲珍. 日喀则市棘球蚴病流行现状分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(1): 80-86. |
[12] | 顾敏霞, 俞垚军, 章金川, 王斌, 俞谊江, 任丛汉. 浙江省宁海县华支睾吸虫感染现状及其影响因素的调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2017, 35(6): 585-587. |
[13] | 詹斌;肖树华;李铁华;薄梅花. 钩虫流行现状及疫苗研制进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2000, 18(3): 18-185. |
[14] | 余森海,蒋则孝,许隆祺. 我国人体寄生虫病流行现状[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 1988, 6(S1): 9-9. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||